A motorist who pulled over and was attacked after being swarmed by a gang of bikies on State Highway 1 remains in a critical condition today - as a gang expert says a number of factors contribute to their public displays of violence.
Canterbury University gang expert Jarrod Gilbert told Newstalk ZB's Mike Hosking that the gang scene had been growing since 2011 and there was an increase in younger members looking to make their reputation.
On Friday a horrific attack unfolded on State Highway 1's Waikato Expressway as a convoy of gang members on motorcycles rode erratically on both sides of the road before a man was badly assaulted and left with critical injuries.
Gilbert said a large group often behaved in ways that people might not do so individually.
Gilbert said police were facing a challenged approach.
He said there needed to be a strong police response to incidents like the one on the Waikato Expressway to make sure those responsible were brought to justice.
"More than that you should be targeting quite firmly those chapters and groups that are involved to send a pretty clear message that if you're going to behave like that there are going to be consequences."
He said this approach would also send a message to other groups.
Gilbert said there may have been an increase in violence in recent years but generally since the early 1990s, gang violence had been down.
He said another big issue was the methamphetamine trade. "New Zealand, for a variety of unusual reasons because we're a bit of an outlier in the world, is obsessed with methamphetamine," he said.
While it was a small percentage of the population involved, that small percentage was using a "great deal" of methamphetamine, he said.
Witness tells of 'petrifying' attack
A motorist who witnessed part of the appalling attack on the expressway said the incident was "petrifying".
One motorist said she encountered the convoy - wearing Tribesmen patches - twice on Friday.
She saw them in the morning and they were riding in a group but there was no issue.
Then she encountered them again on her return trip and said they were "very different".
"Something had definitely changed.
"They were very aggressive... they were definitely quite wild."
She could not see what was happening but when traffic started moving about five minutes later she saw the aftermath.
"There was a gentleman on the ground, his face covered in blood... he was lying on his back and his shirt was off and his pants were half down," she recalled.
"I thought he had passed away, he looked lifeless... it was terrible.
"There were two gang members standing over him - like they were trying to see if they'd finished him off.
"I was petrified, it was terrifying."
The woman said she had earlier spotted people on an overbridge "signalling" to the riders.