1. How would you describe your childhood?
I spent the first eight years of my life in the Far North, in Manukau, Diggers Valley and Ahipara and in 1940 we moved to Auckland. My father and mother had decided to go where my father could get a full-time job, which he did at the Hume Pipe Company in Penrose. We didn't like being brought to the city into a very old, dilapidated house in Cook St which at that time was in the slums of Auckland. Many Maori families at that time were living in one room and sharing facilities with others. My mother had very high standards and brought us up so well. Three times a week she marched us up to the Victoria Park Market for free showers. We had wonderful neighbours. Up north we were called the Pakeha kids because of our dad but in Auckland we were black Maori kids. I didn't like that much.
2. What did your parents teach you?
Our parents taught us that we were always part of a family, community and we had to do our best to make our contribution to this family and community. We had rules and my dad, who was not religious, but his golden rule was do unto others as you would have them do to you. I still live by that. Our mother had been taken away from school to help with her younger brothers and sisters and I believe she felt strongly about we girls having a good education and encouraged us to seek this.
3. Did you speak te reo?
My grandmother lived with us and she couldn't speak English. I remember walking her up to George Courts on K'Rd and helping her get a job looking after the teapots. I had to do the talking for her. I worked there too, for years, in the beautiful tearooms. I still make the best club sandwiches my daughters wanted them for their weddings. We kids never spoke te reo. We went to a native school and there was not one Maori word spoken. I became the perfect example of a brown Pakeha. It wasn't until my mother died when I was 34 that I realised I had this huge hole in my life and I started going to classes.
4. You were a teacher but gave up when your children came along: was that difficult for you?
Oh yes. I used to wish I lived on a kibbutz and could teach all day then enjoy the children in the evenings. But it was the thing in 1955 for me to fold my tent and quietly stay at home and have my baby and look after it. I gave up sport and I didn't question it. My husband felt that a man supported his wife and she should be at home looking after the children. I was 40 when I went back relieving and he was not happy about this and would not allow me to buy anything for the house with the money I earned.