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Children who have long, frequent or aggressive tantrums may be at risk of depression or disruptive disorders.
A United States researcher has discovered that tantrums are often the sign of a sick, hungry or overstimulated child.
For most parents, they are a normal part of development and should be viewed as a teaching opportunity.
But parents of children who hurt themselves or others and those who cannot calm themselves without help should seek medical help, the researcher says.
Healthy children tend to have less aggressive, and generally shorter tantrums.
Dr Andy Belden of Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, whose study appeared in the Journal of Pediatrics, said: "I think parents to some degree should expect their children to have tantrums. If they are having extreme tantrums consistently - if almost every time they are having a tantrum they are hurting themselves or other people - that is a valid reason to go and talk to your paediatrician."
Dr Belden and his team analysed parent reports of tantrum behaviour in 279 children aged 3 to 6. They compared tantrums in healthy children with those in children previously diagnosed with depression or some type of disruptive disorder, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The team devised five high-risk tantrum styles: tantrums marked by self-injury; tantrums marked by violence to others or objects; tantrums in which children cannot calm themselves without help; tantrums lasting more than 25 minutes; and tantrums occurring more than five times a day, or between 10 and 20 times a month.
Of those, Dr Belden said tantrums in which children harmed themselves were most often associated with depression and should be seen as very serious.
Any of those high-risk behaviours would warrant a call to the doctor.
"If it gets to the point where the parent is uncomfortable leaving the house because they are so fearful their child will have a tantrum, that should be a sign to the parent [to seek help]."
- REUTERS
