Sangakkara had help from Dinesh Chandimal, recalled after missing the first test loss in Christchurch, and the pair put on 130 for the sixth wicket, with Chandimal completing his sixth test half century, making 67.
The pitch played better for the batsmen yesterday than on Saturday, when 15 wickets fell, although there was still some sideways movement for the seamers and turn for spinner Mark Craig.
Sangakkara was chanceless until late in the innings when a couple of half chances fell safely.
He dominated the strike cleverly in a ninth-wicket stand with Suranga Lakmal and went to his double century with a superb cover driven four off medium pacer Jimmy Neesham, immediately leaping high and punching the air.
He was out shortly after to a terrific leaping catch at point by Trent Boult, having batted almost seven hours and faced 306 deliveries, with 18 fours and three sixes.
Doug Bracewell and Neesham finished with three wickets apiece, Boult two, and Tim Southee and Craig one each.
- Mitchell Johnson has been ruled out of the fourth test against India because of a hamstring injury, as Australia seek to preserve the fitness of their strike bowler ahead of the World Cup and the Ashes series in England.
Johnson didn't train with the side on Saturday and was scratched from the Australian side early on Sunday morning.
Fellow left-armer Mitchell Starc looms as the probable replacement for Johnson for the final test against India beginning at the SCG tomorrow.
After back-to-back tests and a heavy workload on flatter pitches so far this summer, coach Darren Lehmann said Johnson wasn't right for Sydney.
NZME.