Solo father Jamie le Bas has the odds stacked against him.
The 22-year-old, from Palmerston North, left school at 14 and had his first child at 16, when he went on the dole. He now has four children and cares for the eldest, Jasmine, after her mother, his ex-partner, was diagnosed with post-natal depression.
Under the Government's last round of welfare reforms, he had to return to work when Jasmine turned 5 years old.
"I was still studying two days, and then four days working," he said. "It is difficult. You miss them, the kids."
But Mr le Bas and his daughter have thrived since he re-entered the workforce as a mechanic. He has jumped up several pay grades and improved his literacy.