Up to 25 scientists are likely to lose their jobs at government-owned Plant and Food Research and another 18 could be forced to move cities to keep their positions.
The Crown Research Institute has struggled in the last year because a difficult economic climate has discouraged investment in research and development, from both government and businesses.
Plant and Food corporate communications director Roger Bourne said the job consultation process was in its early stages, but 25 science operations jobs were on the line, and 18 scientists would probably be moved to other sites.
"I'm not going to sugar-coat it: People's roles will be disestablished and need to be, but whether it's those full 25 or not is up in the air.
"We are in reduced financial circumstances," he said.