The body of 39-year-old Matthew was discovered in the wreckage at the bottom of Lake Wanaka on July 23, three days after the crash. Video / James Allan
Moments before Matthew Wallis was killed when his helicopter broke apart and plummeted into Lake Wanaka, he was probably flying too fast for the conditions and using his cellphone, an investigation has found.
However, the Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC) could not definitively say speed was a factor.
It was also unable to determine whether he was distracted while using his cellphone, which could have contributed to the crash on July 21, 2018.
Just months after Matthew Wallis was killed, his brother Nick, along with passengers Paul Hondelink and Scott Theobold, died in a helicopter crash near Wanaka Airport on October 18.
Yesterday, the TAIC released its final report into the July 2018 crash and found mast bumping caused an in-flight break-up of the helicopter over Lake Wanaka.
Matthew Wallis died when the Alpine Helicopters Robinson R44 he was flying crashed in July 2018. Photo / Supplied
TAIC chief commissioner Jane Meares said "the lack of reliable data on the initiating cause or cause of mast bumping occurrences continues to limit the effectiveness of safety investigations".
There was still more that needed to be known about the performance of the Robinson Helicopter-designed rotor system, she said.
TAIC found the helicopter was cruising in mountainous terrain in conditions conducive for strong turbulence, at a speed that increased the risk of an adverse outcome.
"While the pilot would have likely had an indication of the weather conditions as the helicopter flew up Stevensons Arm, there were various pieces of information available indicating that flying close to the maximum permitted speed would have likely increased the risk of an adverse outcome."
Wallis was flying at an airspeed between 195km/h and 200km/h in the moments before the crash, when the pilot handbook suggested pilots reduce airspeed to 110km/h-130km/h during "significant turbulence".
However, the TAIC noted "significant" was not defined in the handbook, leaving room for confusion when assessing the severity of turbulence.
It said a passing cold front, wind, forecast turbulence and reduced visibility meant flying conditions at the time were not good, making the decision whether to fly "ambiguous".
There was also the option for Wallis to take another route.
The wrecked helicopter was retrieved from the Lake Wanaka area for investigation. Photo / Supplied
"Although in hindsight the decision to fly appeared to have been incorrect, the commission determined that it was about as likely as not that the decision to fly was appropriate based on the information available at the time the decision was made."
The accident happened during a flight from the helicopter owner's base at Wanaka Airport to Minaret Lodge in the Upper Estuary Burn Valley, when Wallis was passing over Stevensons Island.
There were no witnesses to the accident and no in-flight recording of aircraft data or images.
The pilot's log book recorded he had flown an R44 helicopter between those two locations nearly 370 times.
Matthew Wallis had also flown the same route many times in an aeroplane.
Jonathan Wallis, brother of Matthew and Nick, said the family accepted the findings of the report, "acknowledging that the lack of reliable evidence on the initiating cause or causes of mast bumping occurrences in Robinson helicopters continues to limit the effectiveness of safety investigations".
The TAIC said there was no need to make a new safety recommendation as a result of the final report's findings.
Three recommendations from 2016 already addressed the relevant safety issues.
It said it needed more recorded flight data, and recorders were being developed for installation in Robinson helicopters.
There was also a need to know more about the "dynamic behaviour" of two-bladed, teetering, underslung rotor systems used in Robinson helicopters.
"Without this data, there is no evidence to confirm or counter Robinson's assertions that the most likely cause of mast bumping accidents in New Zealand is pilots flying too fast for the conditions and or reacting incorrectly to helicopter upsets."
Meares said turbulence had been a possible factor in five of the six Robinson helicopter accidents over mountainous terrain involving mast bumping leading to inflight break-ups in the 10 years before this crash.
