KEY POINTS:
Less sleep in childhood equals more obesity in adulthood.
That is the conclusion Otago University researchers have come to - showing a possible link between the obesity epidemic and a suggested decline in the number of hours children are sleeping.
The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study used data collected from 1000 Dunedin people born between 1972 and 1973.
The researchers used the "body mass index" of the group at 32 years old when 53 per cent were overweight including 18 per cent who were obese.
They set those data against "time in bed" data from group members when they were 5, 7, 9 and 11 years old.
Three categories were established for the data from the 5- to 11-year-olds - "short sleepers" spent a mean of up to 11 hours in bed, "moderate sleepers" had between 11 and 11.5 hours and "long sleepers" more than 11.5 hours.
After discounting lifestyle factors, the study showed that "short sleep time in childhood was associated with an increased adult body mass index".
"Our findings suggest that sleep restriction could be a plausible contributing factor to the current epidemic of obesity," the study said.
Co-writer Dr Robert Hancox told the Otago Daily Times yesterday that the study had not looked at whether children were sleeping less but other studies had shown children were going to bed two hours later now than they did 20 years ago.
A 2003 Japanese study of 3-year-olds found 49.6 per cent fell asleep at 10pm.
The study also did not look at how lack of sleep as a child affected weight in later life, but some suggestions had been proposed.
One was that shorter sleep times were associated with higher levels of the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin and lower levels of the appetite suppressing hormone leptin.
Other suggestions were that tiredness reduced physical activity and that it caused people to prefer high-energy foods to compensate for perceived low-energy levels.
"It also has been suggested that more time spent sleeping simply reduces the opportunity to eat."
The paper acknowledged that the correlation between lack of sleep in childhood and obesity in adulthood was "weak" but it was of a "similar magnitude" to the connection between obesity and diet and exercise.
"In view of the increasing prevalence of obesity, an effect of this size may have important public health implications."
Researcher Dr Erik Landhuis said it was well known children needed an "adequate" amount of sleep.
"The only problem is that people ask us, 'well what is adequate?' And that's a little bit tricky ... we're looking at about 11 hours but that varies a little bit for the ages so it's probably a bit more for five year olds and probably a bit less for 11 year olds."
The Otago paper is being published in the United States journal Pediatrics.
- OTAGO DAILY TIMES
