Men and women who left their marks

Compiled by CHRIS ROSIE

Confirming the adage that departures come in groups, Watergate memories resonated in 2000 with two Attorney-Generals in the Nixon cabinet, Elliot Richardson and Richard Kleindienst, who proved themselves above the Watergate-related shenanigans, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives at the time, Carl Albert, dying within a month of each other.

Also within a couple of months Wales lost two of its greatest painters, Josef Herman and Will Roberts. And the year also farewelled Mensa co-founder Lancelot Ware and the reviver of the society for the intellectually gifted, Victor Serebriakoff.

In the space of six weeks the American Petty racecar dynasty lost patriarch Lee at 86 and fourth generation Adam at 19.

And in New Zealand two names synonymous with the union movement, Jock Barnes and Tony Neary, departed the scene.

The following are just some of those who left their mark on the world and who died during 2000.

JANUARY


Victor Serebriakoff, London-born son of a Russian emigre who took the IQ society, Mensa, from an annual meeting of four in 1954 to a world-wide organisation of more than 100,000; 87.


Elliot Richardson, appointed Attorney-General by Richard Nixon in what the disgraced President later referred to as a major mistake after his appointee resigned in 1973 rather than obey Nixon's order to sack the special prosecutor for the Watergate investigations; 79.


Bernice Petkere, otherwise known as the Queen of Tin Pan Alley in the 1930s, her songs included Starlight, recorded by Bing Crosby, and Close Your Eyes, the title and first track of a CD celebrating female jazz composers; 98.


Ivan DeBlois Combe, American marketer who made a successful business out of responding to common discomforts, starting with a laxative and establishing himself in 1949 with Clearasil, the answer to every acne-ridden teenager's prayer; 88.


Don Martin, known in a magazine celebrated for its zany humour as "MAD's maddest cartoonist"; 68.


Zelko (Arkan) Raznjatovic, leader of a Serb paramilitary unit whose brutality during the Balkan violence of the 1990s earned him an International War Crimes Tribunal indictment for atrocities; shot dead at the entrance of a Belgrade hotel, 48.


John Reed, English musicologist who established in 1959 that Franz Schubert's supposedly lost Gmunden-Gastein symphony of 1825 was in fact the C major symphony (No 9), which had been dated to 1828, the year of the composer's death; 90.


Hewig Kiesler, better known as Hedy Lamarr, German actress of the 1930s who was celebrated not for her acting – of which there seemed to be much doubt – but for her naked scene in the much-banned 1933 film Ecstasy before she headed for Hollywood; 86.


Marc Davis, animator whose work during 42 years with the Disney Studio included such creations as Bambi and Tinkerbell in Peter Pan and Cruella De Vil in 101 Dalmatians; 86.


Bettino Craxi, effective Italian Prime Minister from 1983 to 87 – a lifetime in Italian politics – but ended up in exile in Tunisia after being sentenced in 1994 to 26 years' jail for corruption; 65.


George Crowley, American Navy engineer who turned his electrically heated flying suits for Second World War pilots into electric blankets; 80.


Anne Herbert, French-Canadian novelist, poet and playwright whose 1970 novel Kamouraska was made into a film and whose Les Fous de Bassan (In the Shadow of the Wind) won France's Femina Prize in 1982; 83.


Ernest William (Jim) Swanton, pioneer cricket broadcaster for the BBC in the 1930s, cricket correspondent on the Daily Telegraph from 1946 to 1975, recognised as an unrivalled authority on the great game; 92.


William (Willie) Hamilton, Durham miner's son who became a Labour member of Parliament where he took aim at the royal family (Princess Margaret: "a monstrous charge on the public purse"; the Queen Mother: "this old woman."); 82.


Don Budge, American tennis champion who in 1938 became the first player to win the sport's four grand slam titles in the same calendar year; 84.


Gil Cane, Latvia-born American illustrator whose work for DC Comics and Marvel in the genre's "silver age" between 1956 and 1969 included Green Lantern, the Atom, Captain Marvel, Spider-Man and Conan the Barbarian; 73.


Lauris Edmond, Wellington poet who published her first book when 51, contributed 11 collections of poetry and an autobiography that was the story of so many New Zealand women and whose awards included the 1985 Commonwealth Poetry Prize; 75.

FEBRUARY


Richard Kleindienst, took over from John Mitchell as Richard Nixon's Attorney-General five days before the June 17, 1972, Watergate break-in and quit 10 months later as the subsequent investigation began to reach into the White House; 76.


Tony Doyle, Irish stage actor more widely known for his performance as Brian Quigley in the BBC television series Ballykissangel and also known for maintaining a secret: his date of birth.


Bonnie Cashin; pioneering American fashion designer who established her sportswear styles when Paris had lost its dominance after the Second World War; 84.


Doris Kenner-Jackson, one of a group of singing New Jersey school-friends who were transformed with the help of Phil Spector into the 1960s hit group the Shirelles (Soldier Boy, Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? and Dedicated to the One I Love); of breast cancer, 58.


Carl Albert, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives during the House judiciary committee impeachment hearings against Richard Nixon when the absence of a vice-president could have seen him in the White House; 91.


Roger Vadim Plemiannikov, Paris-born son of a White Russian emigre, whose first film, And God Created Woman, in 1956, set the scene for a more liberated approach to sex, he became better known for sending some of his leading ladies (Brigitte Bardot, Jane Fonda, Catherine Deneuve) on to higher things; 72.


Karsten Solheim, Norwegian-born American aeronautical engineer who, in the late 1950s, designed the Ping putter by gluing two ice-block sticks to two sugar cubes with a shaft in the middle, the first of many innovations he contributed to the development of golf's irons and putters; 88.


Charles Schulz, the man whose bittersweet observations of life were transmitted to readers in 75 countries through the daily trials of Charlie Brown in the Peanuts comic strip, 77.


Frederick Hundertwasser, Austria-born painter and architect whose first design, Hundertwasser House in Vienna, is a public attraction, as is his last, the redesigned toilet block in Kawakawa, the Northland town near where he made his home; 71.


Ji Pengfei, Chinese Communist Party leader who survived the Long March and Mao's Cultural Revolution to become Foreign Minister and, under Deng Xiaoping, the head negotiator in securing China's recovery of Hong Kong from Britain; 91.


Stanley Matthews, the English soccer genius described by the great Pele as "the man who taught us how football should be played"; 85.


Jacqueline Auriol, France's first woman test pilot, five times from 1951 holder of the women's world air speed record and, in 1971, the first woman to pilot Concorde; 82.


Josef Herman, Polish-born British artist best known for his depiction of the human cost of labour through his paintings and drawings of Welsh miners; 88.


Charles Gray, English stage and screen actor most widely known for his evil Blofeld (with cat) in the 1971 Bond movie Diamonds are Forever; 71.


MARCH


James (Jim) Bailey, son of a South African diamond mine owner who in 1951 founded Drum, a magazine for black Africans by black Africans that drew the ire of authoritarian governments, black and white alike; 80.


Helen Elizabeth (Betty) Archdale, captain in 1934 of the first England women's cricket team to tour New Zealand and Australia, where she subsequently settled and which named her one of the country's 100 living treasures for her contribution to education as an unconventional headmistress in Sydney; 92.


Molly Newhouse, British doctor whose 1965 research was instrumental in establishing the dangers of exposure to asbestos; 87.


Ross Russell, jazz lover who created the Dial label after the Second World War to record the (at the time) revolutionary bebop style through the music of such players as Charlie (Bird) Parker and Dizzy Gillespie; 90.


George Manwaring, English miner who received the Edward Medal (exchanged in 1971 for the George Cross) for his part in spending seven hours in 1949 rescuing colleagues from the flooded Arthur and Edward Colliery; 83.


Eileen Fowler, English fitness devotee who designed industrial keep fit classes for workers in the 1930s and brought her "down with a bounce; with a bounce come up" exercises to radio and then television in the 1950s; 93.


Will Roberts, expressionist painter who devoted his talent to the depiction of the Welsh people and landscape; 92.


Thomas Ferebee, the bomb aimer on the Enola Gay when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima – "I feel a large part of the peace we've had in the last 50 years was brought about by us"; 81.


Alex Comfort, English writer and doctor among whose wide-ranging 50 books is what he described as a "gourmet guide to lovemaking," his 1972 The Joy of Sex; 80.


Anthony Powell, English writer whose four-trilogy, 12-volume work, A Dance to the Music of Time, was begin in 1951 and finished in 1975; 94.


Constance (Connie) Purdue, founder of the National Organisation for Women who was an early campaigner for equal pay for New Zealand women and later for motherhood and the right to life; 87.


Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, Austrian President from 1974 to 1986 who as Ambassador to Czechoslovakia in 1968 left the embassy doors open to people trying to flee Soviet troops; 85.


Tom Ah Chee, the founder of Foodtown who recognised a trend in 1958 when he opened the first of the chain in Otahuhu, 72.


Christopher Beeby, New Zealand Ambassador to Iran during the 1978-79 hostage crisis, World Trade Organisation appeal judge and generally regarded as one of this country's most brilliant diplomats; 64.


Ian Drury, leader of the late 1970s English jazz-cum-pub rock band the Blockheads (top five album New Boots and Panties, No. 1 hit Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick); of cancer; 57.


Gisele Freund, German-born photographer who fled her homeland in 1933 for France from where her reputation was based on her depictions of the Left Bank literary elite, including Cocteau, De Beuvoir, Joyce and Sartre; 91.


Christopher Paul English, an American State
Department official who made the frequent flyer concept an understatement, in three decades logging more than a million miles in the sky to satisfy a passion for long-distance air travel, of cancer; 48.


APRIL


Tommaso Buscetta, Italian Mafia boss who turned on his colleagues during the 1980s "pizza connection" trial in New York in which $US1.65 billion in heroin was allegedly imported and sold through a network of pizza parlours; 71.


Robert Sainsbury, helped to develop the family grocery business into the second largest supermarket chain in Britain and was knighted in 1967 for his services to the arts; 93.


Allan Keith (A.K.) Grant, lawyer, author,
playwright, humourist, columnist, he was an integral part of television's McPhail and Gadsby series; 59.


Lee Petty, patriarch of the American stockcar racing family, his 55 wins in the first 10 years of the Nascar circuit have been bettered by just six drivers in its 51 years; 86.


Charlie Kray, eldest son and presumed mastermind behind the infamous London crime family who still had 10 years to serve on a sentence for a 1997 multi-million pound cocaine deal; 73.


Habib Bourguiba, led Tunisia to independence from France in 1956 and as president, until ousted in a bloodless coup in 1987, set the North African country on a course that has provided relative prosperity and avoided the fundamentalism and political instability that has bedevilled its neighbours; 96.


Terence McKenna, psychedelic pioneer who claimed that psychedelic plants, particularly psilocybin (magic mushrooms), were the key to the evolution of human consciousness, of brain cancer; 53.


Claire Trevor, star of more than 60 films including Stagecoach, The High and the Mighty, Key Largo (1948 best supporting actress Oscar); 90.


Bernie Grant, Guyana-born politician elected in 1987 to the British House of Commons who made his mark with warnings about the frustration of young blacks in England, of a heart attack; 56.


Peter Jones, English radio, stage and screen actor most widely known as a panellist for 30 years on the radio game show Just a Minute and the television show The Rag Trade; 79.


Andre Deutsch, Budapest-born British publisher whose first experience in the business was turning down (he was not alone) the opportunity to publish George Orwell's Animal Farm; 82.


Ronald Lockley, Welsh naturalist whose 1964 study The Private Life of the Rabbit inspired Richard Adams to write Watership Downs and whose dissatisfaction with British Government policies towards protecting the landscape saw him migrate to New Zealand in 1977; 96.


Alice Sheets Marriott, the bookkeeper in a partnership with her husband that saw them turn their 1927 Washington root beer stand into the five Marriott companies with combined annual sales of more than $US20 billion; 92.


David Merrick, master of producing and marketing stage extravaganzas with nearly 100 productions, including Hello Dolly, Gypsy, 42nd Street, dominating Broadway over several decades; 88.


Robert Elliot (Jonah) Jones, jazz trumpeter who made his mark playing with Cab Calloway's orchestra for 11 years from 1941 before developing the muted "easy listening" style that brought him a Grammy in 1959 for the album I dig Chicks; 90.


Milo Speriglo, Los Angeles private investigator who ran Nick Harris Detectives for three decades and wrote three books claiming Marilyn Monroe was murdered; 62.


MAY


Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist whose professional career from the 1930s to the 1950s included three Giro D'Italia and two (1938, 1948) Tour de France victories among 170 wins in major European classics; 85.


Steve Reeves, American winner of the 1950 Mr Universe he became the strong-man star of a series of low-budget but highly popular Italian-made films The Labours of Hercules, Duel of the Titans) very loosely based on mythology; 74.


Poul Hartling, Prime Minister of Denmark (1973-75) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1978 to 1985 during which period the organisation won the 1981 Nobel peace price for its efforts on behalf of the Vietnamese boat people; 85.


Penelope Knox Fitzgerald, born into a literary and clerical family (father edited Punch; grandfather was Bishop of Manchester), she began writing novels at 60, winning the 1979 Booker Prize with Offshore and in 1995 with her last book, The Blue Flower, becoming the first non-American to win the National Book Critic's Circle Prize; 83.


Pham Van Dong, as "Uncle Ho's best nephew," he was North Vietnam Prime Minister from 1955 to 1986, taking charge after Ho Chi Minh's death in 1969 and ultimately justifying his belief that the American public would not accept a long war; 93.


John O'Connor, outspoken Catholic Archbishop of New York since 1984 – homosexual men dying of Aids needed to repent their "sin"; Britain should end its "oppression" in Northern Ireland; the Holocaust was Judaism's "gift" to the world – whose conservative stand on moral issues earned him in 2000 the Congressional Gold Medal; 80.


Keizo Obuchi, Japanese Prime Minister (1998-2000) like so many before him more effective at keeping the Liberal Democrat Party together than solving Japan's economic problems; 62.


Douglas Fairbanks jun, screen idol son who followed in screen idol father's footsteps with more than 100 movies including The Prisoner of Zenda, The Corsican Brothers, Little Caesar but also found success as producer, writer, businessman; 90.


William Boyle, as president in 1951 of the Franklin National Bank in Rockville Centre New York he produced the first credit card operated by a bank with his "Just Charge It" Franklin Charge Account Plan; 88.


Adam Petty, son of Kyle, grandson of Richard, great-grandson of Lee (who died in April), he was the fourth generation driver of the pioneering Nascar racing family; in a crash during practice at the New Hampshire speedway, 19.


Gervase Cowell, the British case officer in Moscow for the Soviet double agent Oleg Penkovsky, who supplied information on Soviet weaponry and deployment during the 1963 Cuban missile confrontation and was executed for his troubles; 73.


William Jennings, whose winning a 1952 indecent behaviour case in Los Angeles was considered a landmark in the development of American gay rights; 82.


Emily Reed, Alabama state librarian who in 1959 defended a children's book The Rabbits' Wedding by the illustrator Garth Williams Charlotte's Web) about the love between a black rabbit and a white rabbit against segregationists, who claimed it was "communistic" and promoted racial integration; 89.


Larry Lamb, installed by Rupert Murdoch as the editor of the Sun in 1969 he made the paper the largest selling in Britain by appealing to the lowest readership denominator and the conservative establishment, Margaret Thatcher in 1979 providing a knighthood for the editor who "gave me great advice and support"; 70.


Barbara Cartland, devotee of the colour pink ("helps you to be clever") and romance writer of 723 books, the sales of which exceeded a billion world-wide, she was made a dame in 1991, an honour given, she said, not for contributions to literature but for work with charities and gypsies; 98.


John Gielgud, the last survivor of the giant trio of the 20th century British stage (Olivier and Richardson) marked for his stage performances in Shakespearean roles but also finding success on screen (Arthur – supporting actor Oscar – Chariots of Fire, Ghandi) and earning a knighthood in 1957; 96.


Erich Mielke, headed the East German Ministry of State Security (Stasi) for three decades until reunification in 1990 when he was charged and served four years of a six-year sentence for his involvement as a young communist streetfighter in 1931 in the murders of two Berlin policeman; 92.


Donald Davies, British computer data pioneer whose research in 1965 into "packet switching" to transmit data contributed to the development of the internet; 75.


Tex Beneke, saxophonist and singer who joined the Glenn Miller Orchestra in 1938, contributed tenor sax solos on String of Pearls, In the Mood and went on to recreate the band and the Miller sound after its leader's death in the Second World War; 86.


Jock Barnes, as president of the Waterside Workers Union he was at the forefront of the 1951 waterfront strike/lockout that lasted for more than five months and forced the Prime Minister, Sidney Holland, to declare a state of emergency and call in the military to move cargoes; 92.


JUNE


William Simon, Treasury Secretary in the Nixon and Ford Administrations whose preservation strategies during the 1973 Arab oil embargo were credited with avoiding public hysteria in the face of the fuel crisis; 72.


Merton H. Miller, University of Chicago finance professor who won the 1990 Nobel prize for economics for work aimed at improving decision-making relating to financial leverage, corporate taxes and investment financing; 77.


Frederic Dard, French writer whose more than 300 novels included over 140 in the Superintendent San Antonio detective fiction series; 78.


Ellery Chun, Honolulu clothing designer who in 1931 took an idea inspired by silk shirts sewn from leftover kimono material and worn by high school students and turned it into Hawaii's trademark Aloha shirt; 91.


Brian Statham, England fast bowler who formed highly effective partnerships with Frank Tyson and later Fred Trueman and held the world record for test wickets, ending with 252; 69.


R. Trent Jones, England-born American golf course architect known as the Open Doctor for his effective alterations to courses hosting the United States Open; 93.


Empress Dowager Nagako, widow of Emperor Hirohito, whose passing is seen as marking the end of an era that represented much that was traditional in the Japanese relationship with its royal family; 97.


George Segal, American 1960s pop-art sculptor best-known for his life-size plaster casts showing people in everyday situations; 75.


Alec Moir, leg-spin bowler who played 17 tests for New Zealand between 1950 and 1959, took 28 wickets and had a career best, six for 155, on debut against England; 80.


Nancy Marchand, American stage and screen actress best known for her power women roles in the television series Lou Grant (four Emmys) and The Sopranos; 71.


Noboru Takeshita, Japanese Prime Minister (1987-89) better known as a behind-the-scenes influence even after he was forced from office over his role in the Recruit Company bribery scandal; 76.


Alan de Lastic, as the Catholic Archbishop of Delhi a strong defender of the country's Christian minority against Hindu militants; 70.


Elizabeth Dooley, an institution at Boston's Fenway Park baseball ground, attending 4000 consecutive games over 55 years at the headquarters of the Red Sox and dying on the day the team recorded its worst loss to the New York Yankees in 77 years, 22-1; 87.


David Tomlinson, English actor whose more than 50 films included Mary Poppins, The Love Bug; 83.


Elsie Widdowson, English nutritionist whose research in the 1930s changed the way the world assessed nutritional values and dietary deficiencies and had particular influence on wartime rationing; 93.


Vera Atkins, Bucharest-born British Second World War spymaster who ran a network of around 500 operators across German-occupied France and is said to have inspired the Miss Moneypenny character in Ian Fleming's James Bond thrillers; 92.


JULY


Walter Matuschanskayasky, who shortened his name to Matthau and from 1948 played a wide range of roles on American stage and screen (earning a 1966 best supporting actor Oscar in The Fortune Cookie) but was best known for his slobbish Oscar Maddison to Jack Lemmon's buttoned-down Felix Unger in The Odd Couple; 79.


Leslie Whiteley, winner with her husband of a $US21.7 million San Francisco jury verdict in March against Philip Morris and RJ Reynolds Tobacco Holdings for misrepresenting the risks of smoking; of lung cancer, 40.


Alan Hovhaness, prolific American composer whose 500 published works included 67 symphonies with his most publicised And God Created Great Whales (1969), which included the voices of humpback whales; 89.


Oscar Spate, London-born historian working out of the Australian National University who in 1958 researched, and proposed solutions to, the economic problems facing ethnic Fijians; 89.


Christopher Wagner, pathologist whose 1960 study of the effects of asbestos-related illness in South Africa's Cape Province became a blueprint in occupational medicine; 77.


FM2030 (F.M. Esfandiary) , Belgium-born philosopher and teacher who considered nationality an anachronism, wrote in 1980 about telemedicince and teleshopping and changed his name to a number because he believed he would live to be 100; 69.


Michael Gibson, writer of boys adventure books who brought his technical publishing background in 1951 to the position of art editor at the English comic Eagle, which combined adventure strips (Dan Dare) with educational features; 81.


Bryan Philpott, New Zealand economist best known for his vigorous opposition to the economic policies that have directed the country for the past 15 years; 79.


Paul Young, lead singer with the English group Mike and the Mechanics, which developed a solid following after it was formed by the Genesis guitarist Mike Rutherford in 1986; 53.


Johnny Gibson, England-born New Zealand-educated pilot who became one of the top-scoring RAF fighter aces during the Second World War; 83.


Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991 whose tenure was marked by clashes with the Thatcher Government over the Church of England's incursion into politics, efforts to achieve Church unity and commitment to the ordination of women; 78.


Evvind Earle, painter who took his talents to the world of Disney where he produced the backgrounds for such classics as Sleeping Beauty, Peter Pan and Lady and the Tramp; 84.


Tony Neary, Ireland-born New Zealand worker representative who was as formidable opponent of communists within the union movement as he was of the employers he confronted at the negotiating table; 77.


AUGUST


Alan Boon, the Boon brother who looked after the authors as the sons of Mills and Boon co-founder Charles Boon set about using romance and the paperback to revive the English publishing company's fortunes after the Second World War; 86.


Josias Cunningham, steady Protestant hand behind the scenes in the creation of Northern Ireland's power-sharing Government; 66.


Robin Day, British broadcaster who changed the style of current affairs interviewing with his pursuit of straight answers from politicians; 76.


Phil Raffills, Auckland educationist and local body politician who never did anything by half; of leukaemia, 54.


Thomas A. Foran, prosecutor in the 1969-70 Chicago Seven conspiracy trial arising from rioting during the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago; 76.


Loretta Young, American actress who appeared in almost 100 films, won the 1947 Best Actress Oscar for The Farmer's Daughter, and made a successful transition to television, winning three Emmy Awards for The Loretta Young Show; 87.


Geoffrey Page, Battle of Britain pilot whose burns when shot down in July 1940 saw him become a founding member of the Guinea Pig Club, patients subjected to the wartime work of New Zealand plastic surgeon Sir Archibald McIndoe; 80.


Lancelot Ware, co-founder with Australian Richard Berrill in 1946 of Mensa, the society for the intellectually gifted; 85.


Craven Walker, designer of the Lava lamp, the bubbling mixture of heated oil and water that became a symbol of the 1960s ("If you buy my lamp, you won't need drugs"; 82.


Harry Oppenheimer, the last of those described as South Africa's Randlords who in 1957 took over his father's Anglo-American Corporation and proceeded to gain a stake in almost every business in the republic, in the process becoming one of the world's richest men; 91.


Mitch Halpern, one of boxing's top referees (Holyfield-Tyson 1996, Trinidad-De La Hoya 1999, Lewis' 1999 title win over Holyfield); by his own hand, 33.


Jaap Marais, co-founder of South Africa's Herstigte National Party, the hardline group that split from the ruling National Party in 1969 and maintained its fight for pure apartheid despite the collapse of the republic's racist policies; 77.


Jean Carzou, French painter whose work ranged from illustrations for novels by Ernest Hemingway and Albert Camus, stage designs for Paris ballet and opera houses and decorations for the ocean liner The France; 93.


Lynden Pindling, in 1967 the first black Prime Minister of the Bahamas, which he led to independence six years later and ruled for 20 years despite charges of links to drug-running; 70.


Jack Nitzsche, American songwriter and arranger who worked with Phil Spector, the Rolling Stones and Neil Young, composed the scores for more than 40 films including One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and shared the 1983 Best Song Oscar with Buffy Sainte-Marie (his wife at the time) for Up Where We Belong; 63.


Ginetta Sagan, Italian Resistance worker who survived capture and torture by Mussolini's Black Brigade, moved to the United States in 1951 and helped to establish and expand the human rights organisation Amnesty International; 75.


Allen Maddox, Liverpool-born New Zealand abstract expressionist painter who was the surviving member of the lively threesome completed by Tony Fomison and Philip Clairmont; 51.


SEPTEMBER


Jean Howard, in a career on stage, screen and television spanning more than 50 years the mother of director Ron Howard included among her credits Apollo 13 (which her son directed), Roseanne, Ellen and Grace Under Fire; 73.


Roy Fredericks, West Indian opening batsman who played 59 tests from 1968 to 1977, scoring 4334 runs including eight centuries, before going on to be a leading administrator and the Minister for Sports; of throat cancer, 57.


Julian Critchley, outspoken Conservative politician whose strong support for European integration put him off side with one British Prime Minister (he described Margaret Thatcher as a "great she-elephant") before being knighted by the next, John Major; 69.


Konrad Kujau, German painter and gallery owner who served three years in jail for forging 60 volumes of diaries supposedly kept by Adolf Hitler and fooling Nazi era scholars and the magazine Stern, which in 1983 paid $US4.8 million for the documents; 62.


Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish emigre founder in France of the literary magazine Kultura, credited with keeping his country's culture alive during communist rule by making the banned writings of intellectuals and dissidents available in Poland; 94.


Gherman Titov, Soviet cosmonaut who in August 1961 became the second man to orbit the earth, the first to sleep in space and the first to experience space sickness; 65.


Seybourn Lynne, American federal judge who, against the vehement segregationist objections of Governor George Wallace, ruled in 1963 that two black students could attend the University of Alabama; 93.


William Quinn, American intelligence officer during the Second World War credited with helping to form the CIA; 92.


Beah Richards, American actress whose four-decade-long career included playin