In their 1971 work “Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society”, Canadian and American psychologists Philip Brickman and Donald T. Campbell introduced the concept of “Hedonic Adaptation” - a theory positing that people repeatedly return to their baseline level of happiness, regardless of what happens to them. You dream of a new car; you buy it, you enjoy it for a while, then return to your previous emotional state and start wanting something else.
Lotto winners get caught off-guard by this phenomenon. They assume suddenly having millions of dollars will solve all their problems. They frequently find themselves back at their previous levels of happiness or even worse off. Wealth doesn’t end all your troubles; it just changes them. Our desires and our discontent follow us no matter where we are or what we possess because we are born to want more than we have. William B Irvine, professor of philosophy at Wright State University, explained this concept to me over a Zoom call last year.
“You’re wired never to be satisfied because your ancestors who were satisfied didn’t make it. The guy who said, ‘I’m going to sit out here on the Savannah and appreciate what I have’ - a lion ate that guy.”
Whatever we have, we tend to want something else. That’s why rampant purchasing isn’t the path to happiness. You can buy everything there is and still want more.
Seneca (4 BC-65AD) was one of the richest men in Rome. He worked hard and had no problem with accumulating wealth and owning beautiful expensive things, but he warned against tying happiness to them. He believed you should learn to be happy with or without. As he wrote: “No person has the power to have everything they want, but it is in their power not to want what they don’t have, and to cheerfully put to good use what they do have.”
Negative visualisation can be a useful starting point on the journey towards apprehension. Next time you are at your kitchen sink getting a drink of water, stop for a second and imagine not having hot and cold running H2O. Picture yourself walking to a river kilometres away and carrying the day’s water back home on your head. There are plenty of people in the world who do this very thing every day. To them, having your kitchen would be like winning the lottery. When framed in this way, that mundane glass of water is suddenly something you are very pleased to have. If the thought pops into your head that a new vehicle will make you happy, before you spend the money, visualise the car you have already crashed or stolen. You can make yourself love what you have by imagining it gone.
I hope $17m makes the Invercargill Lotto winners’ lives better. They may use it “to supply greater scope to practise virtue” as Seneca suggested. Good luck to them. The problem is the rest of us. Like many of you, I spent that week before fantasising about that money. It was a waste of time. We will almost certainly never win $17m, but there is a chance we could learn to be grateful for what we have. There is nothing wrong with buying a Lotto ticket for fun, but maybe we should spend less time thinking about winning money and more enjoying our lives as is where is.
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