Anti-whaling activists are accusing Japan of diverting $40 million away from tsunami victims to fund security for whalers in the Southern Ocean.
Three whaling ships left Shimonoseki in western Japan last week accompanied by a Japanese Fisheries Agency security boat.
They are expected to clash with Sea Shepherd Conservation Society boats over their efforts to catch an estimated 900 minke and fin whales.
Greenpeace has accused the Japanese Government of paying the whaling fleet's $40 million security bill with cash intended for fishing communities devastated by an earthquake and tsunami in March.
Its New Zealand oceans campaigner Carli Thomas said that was a misuse of public funds.