The ministry said navy ships, drivers' licences, New Zealand Police and New Zealand Fire Service flags would also have to change, but the total costs of changing these were not known.
Ministers said that none of these changes would be done overnight if the alternative flag won the referendum.
Associate Transport Minister Craig Foss said Government had no intention of recalling and reissuing every New Zealand driver's licence. The flag on licences would instead be updated when people renewed their licence.
In a speech in Auckland yesterday, New Zealand First leader Winston Peters said that the cost of recalling all New Zealand passports and putting a new flag on them was up to $428 million.
"This is just one example of the work they never did when they put the issue to the public, and there are many more examples of cost possibilities that [Prime Minister John] Key didn't care to mention."
However, a spokesman for Internal Affairs Minister Peter Dunne said that passports would not be recalled if the flag changed.
The spokesman said that the New Zealand coat of arms, which features on the New Zealand passport, would not be affected by a flag change. There is no New Zealand flag on the current passport.
The total cost of the flag referendum process is $26 million.
FLAG ROLLOUT COSTS
• $663,000 - new flags for public buildings
• $1-2m - military uniforms
• Unknown -- drivers' licences, navy ships, police uniforms, police and fire service flags, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise rebranding, impact on flag and souvenir manufacturers