KEY POINTS:
New compounds that act like the red wine ingredient resveratrol may offer a new formula for type 2 diabetes drugs and other age-related disease medications, researchers at US drug maker Sirtris Pharmaceuticals said yesterday.
"The excitement here is that we're not talking about red wine any more. We're talking about real drugs," said David Sinclair, an associate professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School and a co-founder of Sirtris, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
"This is the first time that real drugs have been designed to go after diseases through the genes that control ageing," said Professor Sinclair, whose research appears in the journal Nature.
"One of the drawbacks of resveratrol is the doses need to be large. Now, this paper says you can reduce it into a little pill taken once a day," he said in a telephone interview.
Professor Sinclair and researchers at Sirtris have been looking for drug compounds that mimic the effects of resveratrol, the chemical in red wine that has been shown in several studies to prolong the life of mice and reduce the advance of age-related disease.
They tested some 500,000 molecules to isolate a handful that would have the same effect as resveratrol on the seven genes called sirtuins that have been found in several studies to control the aging process.
Their latest research shows these experimental drug compounds - which are 1000 times more potent than resveratrol - helped reverse diabetes symptoms and reduce insulin sensitivity in two different studies in diabetic mice and one in rats.
"When you see it work in those three models, you have increased confidence that it will have a universal effect on organisms," Professor Sinclair said.
He said that is enough to begin human testing, which the company plans for the first half of 2008.
"The chances of success in humans is estimated at 80 to 90 per cent. We'll know next year," he said, depending on when the company gets the go-ahead from the US Food and Drug Administration to start clinical trials.
The discovery may have implications well beyond diabetes drugs, already a US$19 billion ($24.7 billion) global market.
"We will make a drug to treat one disease, but it will, as an added bonus, protect you against most of the other diseases of the Western world."
Those age-related diseases could include cancer, heart disease and Alzheimer's, Professor Sinclair said.
While he and company executives have high hopes for the compounds, they acknowledge that many compounds that hold great promise in animals fail to work in humans.
PROMISING STUDIES
* New experimental drug compounds that act like resveratrol may help reverse type 2 diabetes symptoms.
* Resveratrol is a chemical in red wine that has been shown to reduce the advance of age-related diseases.
* Human testing of the new drug will begin next year.
* Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 per cent of the 180 million cases of diabetes around the world.
- Reuters
