The target versus quota argument is polarising, and as such, it is important to look at the terminology used.
Targets are aspirational goals, not requirements. Quotas are mandated outcomes. Special measures, affirmative action, and positive discrimination are taken to ensure a discriminated-against or under-represented group attains equality. Temporary special measures (TSMs) can be lifted once equality is reached and has been sustained for a period.
TSMs can include legislation or regulation, outreach or support programmes, reallocation of resources, preferential treatment, targeted recruitment, numerical goals connected with timeframes, and quota systems.
Governments frequently use TSMs to ensure marginalised groups are supported. We have had reserved Pasifika and Māori seats in our medical schools for decades. Measures to get more women into the police or Māori women to sign up to BreastScreen Aotearoa could be considered special measures.
So special measures should not be seen as discrimination but as a way of realising equality for everyone.
For many, just using the word "quotas" is emotive and a step too far. But they must be part of the armoury, even if only the last resort. We can be reassured that in Nordic and European countries which have legislated for quotas, life has continued without society unravelling.
Comments that a quota will "bring in inferior women" and "positions need to be merit-based" raise the question of whose definition of merit is being used? These criticisms also ignore the biases women face climbing the ladder to senior decision-making positions. The women who say it would be demeaning for them to be appointed through a quota are missing an important point.
Quotas aren't introducing unfairness into the system. The system is already unfair. It's not a level playing field for most women and this is particularly true for Māori, Pacific, ethnic minority, disabled people, trans and non-binary women.
The issue is about structural change and tackling bias. Women drop out of leadership roles when they have children. They pay a high price in pay and careers.
To avoid regulation, the private sector should be analysing employment metrics to work out where the roadblocks are and act. Areas to focus on include unconscious bias, career breaks, family-friendly work policies and pay transparency.
To achieve equality, it will be necessary to treat discriminated people differently otherwise existing behaviours and inequities are perpetuated.
• Dr Jackie Blue completes her five-year term as Equal Employment Opportunities Commissioner at the end of this month.
