Official records show 188 Hector's and Maui dolphin are known to have been killed in set nets since 1973, although potential Hector's dolphin captures could range between 19 and 78 each year.
Fisheries Minister Stuart Nash and Conservation Minister Eugenie Sage have now pointed out areas where more work needs to be done and have asked whether changes can be made to some fishing practices in the short-term.
Options included prioritising the development of a new Threat Management Plan (TMP) for Maui and Hector's dolphins, reviewing the use of set nets in a bid to reduce or phase out their use, and considering extending the ban on set nets in the Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary further offshore.
Other potential measures included encouraging voluntary closures of certain fisheries to set nets, such as those recently put in place by commercial set netters to protect the yellow-eyed penguin off Southland, and reviewing the role of observers and camera coverage on fishing boats.
Nash said the fisherman did the right thing by coming forward to report the catch, as legally required.
FINZ chief executive Dr Jeremy Helson had since told him that the fisherman "deeply regrets" the capture and had now decided to stop set netting in the area, Nash said.
"I am also advised he appears to have been fishing outside the area closed to set netting, although MPI compliance staff are still assessing the incident."
Nash and Sage are overseeing a review of the TMP, in place since 2008, which will consider longer-term measures to better protect the dolphins from the risks of set netting and deaths caused by other human activity.
"In light of this capture, I have asked officials to prioritise the development of a new plan," Nash said.
Sage said the "needless" deaths of five dolphins in one set net underlined an ongoing problem of set net use in places where highly endangered species, like Hector's and Maui dolphins live, "and the indiscriminate nature of set nets as a fishing method".
As well as Hector's and Maui dolphins, set nets caught and drowned seabirds such as yellow-eyed penguin, little blue and Fiordland crested penguins, shags, shearwaters and terns.
"Areas around Banks Peninsula and on the North Island's West Coast have been closed to set nets to protect Hector's and Maui dolphins, but dolphins and seabirds continue to get caught and die in set nets," Sage said.
"Having a serious look at how to best phase out these near invisible and deadly mono-filament gill nets is long overdue. Fishers can use other methods to catch target species such as butterfish, mullet, rig and school shark."
Sage believed New Zealand could follow the example of American states such as California and North Carolina, which have banned commercial set nets to protect endangered seabirds, marine mammals and turtles.
"South Australia has done the same to protect the Australasian sea lion, as has Finland for the Saimaa ringed seal."
In a media statement today, Helson reaffirmed the industry regretted the incident.
"The fisher involved is also deeply affected and has moved completely out of the area in which the incident occurred."
FINZ had "moved quickly" to suggest that MPI bring forward the review of the Hector's dolphin threat management plan, along with measures that will help to prevent such an incident happening again, Helson said.
"This incident is regrettable, unusual, and upsetting for all involved."
Helson noted in a letter to Nash that MPI had estimated more than 95 Hector's dolphin mortalities would need to occur annually before the species' long-term viability would be at risk.
"While fishing mortality is estimated to be well within those bounds, the seafood industry is committed to reducing our impacts on the marine environment."
Forest and Bird marine advocate Anton van Helden called for a ban on set netting - something he called "an environmentally destructive and wasteful fishing method that's killing endangered animals".
"Fishers in these areas should not being killing anything other than their target fish species, and that means ending this destructive fishing method, particularly as other methods of fishing are available that don't kill dolphins."
Van Helden said just 7.5 per cent of set netting in the region was under direct MPI observation.
"New Zealanders rely on fishers self-reporting by-kill, as occurred in this case, but there is strong evidence to suggest reporting doesn't happen in many instances," he said.
"MPI have reported that an estimated 74 to 100 per cent observer coverage would be required to provide credible data on how many dolphins are caught."
