Mr Robertson's decision to stay out of Mr Cunliffe's leadership team has already sparked suggestions that divisions between Mr Robertson's supporters and Mr Cunliffe have not healed.
Prime Minister John Key told reporters at Parliament the decision showed "shows how deep the rifts are within the Labour Party caucus".
"In the end if they were really a united caucus they needed to bring the two parts of the equation together and essentially they've failed to do that.
"What that shows you is the Robertson camp isn't really backing David Cunliffe so that will spell problems for him over time. "
Mr Cunliffe won the three-way leadership contest on Sunday against Mr Robertson and Shane Jones but Mr Robertson won much more support in the caucus, 16, to Mr Cunliffe's 11 and Mr Jones' seven.
Mr Robertson and Mr Cunliffe met yesterday to discuss their preferences and both said the decision was mutual.
Mr Cunliffe spoke to reporters at Parliament before today's caucus meeting, flanked by Mr Robertson, Mr Jones, Mr Parker and President Moira Coatsworth.
"Today we are joined together. We are putting the party first," Mr Cunliffe began.
Mr Robertson's talents would be used as the "spearhead" in the House.
"We are both very comfortable about where we have got to on that."
Mr Cunliffe said Mr Parker, Mr Robertson and Mr Jones would all be part of strong economic and employment team.
Mr Robertson: "We've had a good discussion David and I and we've come to a consensus that this line-up is the strongest line-up that we can possibly put forward and I absolutely endorse and support it."
David Parker is a Dunedin-based list MP. He played his card very close to his chest during the latest leadership contest. It is thought he voted for Shane Jones in the end.
He was a senior minister in Helen Clark's Government, holding the portfolios of Climate Change Issues, Energy, State Services, and Attorney-General.
He took over as finance spokesman from Mr Cunliffe in December 2011 when the leadership changed from Phil Goff to David Shearer.
Mr Parker had originally thrown his hat into the ring as a leadership contender with Grant Robertson as his deputy after Mr Goff stepped down. He withdrew when Mr Shearer stood and Mr Robertson indicated he would shift preferences to Mr Shearer over Mr Parker