Work is happening "apace" on a possible transtasman travel bubble with Australia, says director-general of health Ashley Bloomfield.
It comes as Kiwis face four more weeks of physical distancing obligations and limits on social gatherings, but from Friday will be able to have 100 people at weddings and funerals - as well as private parties.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said that the low number of new Covid-19 cases, including only three in the past fortnight, allowed the current 10-person limit on gatherings and 50-person limit on funerals and tangi to be eased.
But instead of increasing the limit in stages, as Australia is doing, Ardern said it could jump straight to 100 from midday Friday.
Bloomfield said today that work was happening "apace" on having a transtasman bubble, allowing Kiwis and Australians to travel to each country, without 14-day quarantining.
Asked if he would travel to Australia today - like another health expert, Michael Baker, has said he would do - Bloomfield told Newstalk ZB's Mike Hosking that he had no trips planned.
"The risk in Australia is low, particularly in some parts of Australia, it is low in New Zealand. Rest assured there is work happening apace to see how we can potentially open that border up and enable travel between the two countries."
While no timeframe has been given on when borders might freed up, Ardern told media that Australia would need to sort out some internal issues first.
"The states haven't opened up to each other yet," she told RNZ. "Obviously I would expect to see some of those issues resolved before we'd see them necessarily opening up to New Zealand and you can understand why.
"People want to be able to travel internally in Australia before they'd expect to be able to come across the ditch."
Speaking later, she softened her language, saying the "most likely sequencing" is state borders opening up first. "I imagine they'll want to see those issues resolved around their domestic border, most likely first, that's my expectation," she said.
Ardern revealed that New Zealand would remain at alert level 2 for at least four more weeks.
Cabinet will review the level 2 settings on June 8 - but will not consider whether the country is ready to move to level 1 until June 22.
If ready, New Zealanders would be given a few days' notice before the alert level was to drop.
Director-General of Health Dr Ashley Bloomfield said alert level 1 would remove some of the requirements around physical distancing, and further open up mass gathering sizes.
Everything would not be back to normal though - there would still be strong border measures and basic public health measures to reduce the likelihood of infection.
Bloomfield told Newstalk ZB's Mike Hosking there was still an "active pandemic" out there and New Zealand had moved out of lockdown faster than any other country.
There have been suggestions of a vaccine by September but Bloomfield said that went against the general view from around the world and was a "very aspirational goal".
The WHO had been very clear the pandemic would go on for some time, he said. "There's a lot of effort going into different treatment options."
For example, New Zealand's Blood Service is collecting plasma from people who had had Covid-19 to use on people who might be infected.
Hosking asked about work out of Britain suggesting people were not infectious after 11 days, but Bloomfield said the 14-day measure was still used globally as it gave a margin of error.
Asked whether a Covid-19 vaccine should be compulsory, Bloomfield said if vaccines were made accessible, uptake was likely to be good enough for herd immunity.
The anti-vaxx movement was not the same as people with "vaccine hesitancy" - the latter would get vaccinated if the vaccine was accessible and good information was provided.
Regarding discussions about a four-day week, Robertson told Hosking it was a good time for employers to consider it but it wasn't something the Government was pushing. A possible extra public holiday was still a work in progress.
Some of the "shovel-ready" infrastructure projects that had been chosen for funding would be announced in coming weeks and would be able to start straight away.
The move this Friday to lifting to 100 the mass-gathering limit is likely to be welcomed by event organisers, churches, wedding planners and funeral directors who have all been stymied by the alert level restrictions to date.
But it was questioned by Professor Michael Plank, from Te Pūnaha Matatini and Canterbury University, who said it was a "cause for concern".
"Covid-19 doesn't tend to spread in ones and twos. It tends to spread to a large number of people in one go at big, social gatherings, such as a wedding or bar," Plank said.
"If this happens, trying to trace 100 people and all their contacts is a lot harder than if there were just 10."
Weddings, funerals, events and church services will all be allowed to have 100 people from midday Friday. Photo / 123RF
Ardern clarified that the three Ss - seated, single server, and separation - will still apply for bars and restaurants to reduce mixing and mingling with strangers, meaning public dance floors will still have to remain empty.
But private parties with dance floors have been given the green light, where physical distancing rules will be effectively reduced to guidelines rather than obligations.
Asked about people planning a party for Friday night, Ardern said: "Keep a list of who you've invited."
The current settings under alert level 1 have no restrictions on social gatherings, and no obligations - only an encouragement - for physical distancing. Border restrictions will continue.
There were no new cases of Covid-19 yesterday, and with no new recoveries, the number of active cases remains at 27.
Dancing at private events will be allowed from midday Friday, but not at public venues including bars and clubs. Photo / 123RF
Yesterday the Ministry of Health published its definition of elimination - a broad range of control measures to stop the transmission of Covid-19.
"Elimination does not mean eradicating the virus permanently from New Zealand; rather it is being confident we have eliminated chains of transmission in our community for at least 28 days and can effectively contain any future imported cases from overseas."
It is unclear if that meant 28 days of no new cases was a prerequisite for success.
Director general of health Ashley Bloomfield said elimination was an ongoing process.
"There's still a pandemic out there. Even if we're confident there's no transmission of disease inside the country, the possibility of it coming in means we need to maintain an elimination approach.
"If we do get a case, we need to be able to test, we need to be able to isolate and contact trace."
A 28-day Covid-free window was similar to a definition proposed yesterday in an Otago University public health blog, authored by Professors Nick Wilson, Michael Baker, and Martin Eichner, and Doctors Matthew Parry and Ayesha Verrall.
The modelling outlined in the blog showed that no new cases for between 27 and 33 days meant that Covid-19 was eradicated with 95 per cent probability.
For a 99 per cent level of probability, the blog said the time period for no new cases would be between 37 to 44 days.
Director general of health Ashley Bloomfield said the number of Covid cases was so low that the limit on gatherings could jump straight to 100 from midday Friday. Photo / Pool
Meanwhile Otago University Associate Professor Brian Cox said there were five active cases outside of the main clusters, and two weeks since an out-of-cluster case was identified.
"The sparsity of new cases outside of the main clusters indicates that we are on the verge of completely eradicating Covid-19 from New Zealand."
The risk of importing cases meant that border checks - including testing of passengers before they depart and as they arrive - should be in place before any travel between Covid-free countries might be allowed, he added.
Cox said Australia probably needed to do better in containing Covid-19 before a trans-Tasman bubble could open.
"The active case prevalence is a measure of the proportion of the population who are infective and is currently 19.8 per million in Australia, compared to 5.6 per million in New Zealand."
Ardern said a trans-Tasman Covid-free bubble was still on the cards, and could even happen with some Australian states if not all of them had the virus contained.
Both countries would need to be satisfied that the chances of spreading the virus between the countries was effectively zero, she added.
Yesterday the Government announced that Kiwis who lost their jobs due to the Covid-19 crisis will be able to get $490 a week tax-free for 12 weeks - about twice the base rate for the jobseeker benefit.
