The last big frontier is what Masterton's own Bella Duncan is looking to tackle.
With two years to go on her PhD at Victoria University in Wellington, Ms Duncan, 25, has been selected for the SCAR fellowship (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research).
The fellowship gives her US$11,000 ($13,150) and the opportunity to study at the University of Birmingham for two months on her chosen area of study - developing new lab capabilities for fossil analysis in New Zealand using "bio- markers".
"I want to learn how the lab works, gather data from the Antarctic and set up the same thing in New Zealand."
Originally from Masterton and a former student of St Matthew's Collegiate School, Ms Duncan didn't start out as science fair material.