Tenders are being called to complete earthquake proofing at the National Core Store in Birdwood St, Featherston, that houses billions of dollars worth of geological samples on shelves that could collapse in a big shake.
Vikki Carter, spokeswoman for the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, said the contents of the store includes "tens of thousands" of oil and minerals samples collected from throughout New Zealand over several decades.
"If we had to replace all the samples which have been collected over 50 to 60 years by government agencies and Crown and commercial entities, the replacement cost would be in the billions of dollars."
She said the owner of the building had started earthquake strengthening the structure last year and upgrading the shelves was the final phase of that work.
Ms Carter said the ministry was calling for tenders to earthquake strengthen the shelving and "until the tender process is completed we cannot comment on the total cost or timeframe for the strengthening".