He called for tighter controls after the death of undercover policeman Don Wilkinson, who was shot with a .22 calibre air rifle in 2008.
"There is really a need for a tightening up of this loophole or people are going to be killed with these weapons."
The public considered the death of the policeman an anomaly, but when Shaun Townsley, 18, died after being shot by a .177-calibre air rifle in south Auckland on Saturday, it illustrated how lethal the weapons were, Professor Clements said.
Sports Industry Association spokesman Chris Ziesler rejected Professor Clements' comments.
"When I was 14-years-old, I got my first air rifle. My older brother had one and instructed me on its use and we grew up shooting our air rifles and tens of thousands of New Zealanders, of young Kiwis, have owned and used air rifles with no incident."
The death of the teenager had allegedly involved alcohol so the law should not be changed because of a single "reckless" incident, Mr Ziesler said.
"That would be an overreaction ... I can't quite follow the professor's idea that having a licence to buy an airgun would cure a problem that really doesn't exist.
"One fatality is no excuse to change the law" especially when alcohol was allegedly involved.
Changing the law would be a "huge overreaction", Mr Ziesler said.
Legislation had been passed so more powerful pneumatic air rifles, like the .22 calibre rifle used to shoot the undercover policeman, could be owned and used only by a gun licence-holder, he said.