A reason that people show less empathy towards strangers than friends or acquaintances is the "social stress" we feel around someone we don't know. Reducing that stress boosts empathy, according to a new study.
Earlier research demonstrated this phenomenon in mice, which reacted with greater empathy when pain was inflicted on cage mates than on unfamiliar mice.
Given an injection of the stress hormone-blocker metyrapone, however, they reacted to the pain of unfamiliar mice as they would to that of cage mates. When they were put under stress, they showed less empathy towards suffering acquaintances.
In the new study, led by Jeffrey Mogil, a psychology professor and head of the Pain Genetics Lab at McGill University in Montreal, university students were paired with either a friend or stranger and asked to rate the pain when the partner submerged an arm in ice-cold water.
Their reactions - with and without metyrapone - matched those of the mice. Asked to dip their own arm in the water, they rated the pain higher when with a friend - this, too, a sign of empathy, Mogil said.
