Could alcohol be ruining modern marriages? Photo / Getty
Waking up on the sofa where she had passed out after drinking a bottle of wine, Sarah Turner's thudding headache was compounded by a sense of shame.
She couldn't remember what she had said at the dinner party. Nor could she be sure of how the evening had ended.
All she knew, with dreaded certainty, was that her drunken behaviour would have made her once happy marriage to husband Michael more precarious than ever, reports the Daily Mail.
"By my mid-30s I was drinking at least a bottle of wine a night," says Sarah, who at the time combined a demanding job as a chemical consultant with bringing up two children.
"I'd black out and wake up feeling guilty. Michael and I had dreadful arguments - he drank too, but didn't make a fool of himself like I did - and after we'd been married five years, he told me my drinking made me an embarrassment, and that he'd leave if I didn't stop.
"At the time, I thought it was the cruellest thing he'd ever said but it was the catalyst I needed to quit. If I hadn't stopped drinking, our marriage would never have survived."
Sarah's experience is symptomatic of a worrying trend among otherwise successful middle-aged women, whose heavy drinking is ruining not just their health but their relationships.
Recent research suggests that wives' excessive alcohol consumption is contributing to as many as one in seven divorces, with the number granted to husbands on the grounds of their spouse's unreasonable behaviour - which includes heavy drinking - tripling since 1980.
"Men are more likely to be accused of having an alcohol problem, but the frequency with which wives' drinking has been cited over the last few years is marked," says lawyer Laura Guillon of Hall Brown, the firm that did the research.
Perhaps it is unsurprising, given our changing attitudes towards female alcohol consumption. The now ubiquitous "wine o'clock" has persuaded generations of middle-class women that a drink can take the edge off everything from work stress to domestic boredom.
But what was marketed as an innocuous - even desirable - habit has turned into a debilitating problem for many. One 2015 survey found women aged 45 to 64 were the most likely to drink too much.
"I am inundated by professional, middle-class women whose relationships are on the rocks because of their alcohol intake," says Sarah Turner, now 61, who stopped drinking and retrained as a cognitive behavioural therapist before founding alcohol treatment centre the Harrogate Sanctuary in 2000.
She warns: "Men can unwittingly act as 'enablers', escalating their partner's alcohol intake.
"To persuade a wife to stop drinking could limit a husband's freedom. After all, if a wife is drinking she's less likely to be bothered about what time her partner is coming home for example, so he will often persuade her to carry on."
Not that we always need much encouragement. Whereas in the past heavy drinking was a pursuit associated with men networking with colleagues, it has now become ingrained in the fabric of many women's lives.
As Sarah Turner puts it, the problem is that "wine has become a normalised form of self-medication for high-functioning, driven women. But tolerance to alcohol rises, and when women come to rely on it they feel ashamed and a sense of failure."
All too often, a wife's drinking exacerbates existing tensions in a marriage. "Alcohol blurs the edges in an unhappy marriage, but also increases levels of the male hormone testosterone in a woman's body by 60 per cent," says Sarah.
"A drunk woman is more likely to pick fights. Then the guilt starts and she'll start drinking in secret, which creates a further rift. I had one client who would put her empty bottles in a neighbour's bin at 3 am so her husband didn't see she'd been drinking."
It is not only women's higher fat ratio that means they get drunk faster than men.
Scientists also believe their stomach linings produce less of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol before it enters the bloodstream.
The higher sugar content of drinks popular with women - a glass of wine contains one and a half teaspoons of sugar compared to beer, which usually contains less than one - also makes us more susceptible to blood sugar spikes and crashes, which play havoc with our mood.
The sulphites - or antioxidants - in wine, usually added as preservatives, meanwhile, can trigger unwanted side-effects such as sore throats and rashes in those with allergies.
Much of which resonates with newly-separated Susan Worth, 41, who says alcohol contributed to her marital breakdown this February.
"By the end of last year I was drinking up to a bottle and a half of red wine a night to numb the pain of how unhappy I was," says Susan.
Carer Susan, from Bushey, Herts, admits her occasional glasses of red wine became a daily habit to help her deal with mounting claustrophobia in her marriage. "I started going to bars with friends after work, and buying bottles of wine on my way home," she recalls.
As years passed Susan's silent resentment began to fester.
"After a bottle of wine I became tearful and would try to tell Bill I was unhappy. He accused me of being argumentative and we'd go to bed in silence."
Bill started coming home from work later. "I'd stare into space with a glass of red wine in my hand, feeling sorry for myself,' says Susan, who has an eight-year-old son with Bill and a 15-year-old son from a previous relationship.
"The next morning, hungover, I'd feel like a paranoid monster, embarrassed and guilty at how drunk I'd got. I'd bag up bottles for the recycling bin so Bill wouldn't see them, but he said he could smell it on my breath.
By the end of last year, the couple were communicating largely by texts. "It was a mutual decision to end it and I agreed to move out with the children," says Susan.
Maria Hollis, an articulate housekeeping manager and mother of two from Craven Arms, Shropshire, only ever enjoyed the occasional drink until she reached middle age.
In 2004, however, her 15-year marriage to the father of her daughters Laura, 26, and Sophie, 19, broke down, and her mother Wendy died of cancer. Grief stricken, she says wine became "a way of coping and a nightly habit".
For a while, Maria's drinking aroused no suspicion. But as her tolerance grew, so did her intake, and by the time she met John, 61, a security adviser, in 2010, she was getting through a bottle of rose every evening.
"When friends noticed, I'd insist I didn't have a problem, interpreting their concern as interference," she says.
Neither did her drinking problem seem immediately obvious to John, whose job entailed night shifts, meaning he was often working while Maria was drunk.
"It took months for me to realise," says John.
After he proposed to Maria in December 2012, her escalating drinking made her increasingly argumentative. "I'd storm out and slam doors if John hadn't done the washing up," she says.
Her emotional outbursts became physical. "I began to lash out at John over petty things like clothes left on the floor. I'd scratch his face, push his chest and slap his arms," says Maria, who at 5 ft 3 in was no physical match for her 6 ft 2 in fiance.
"He only ever looked at me with silent reproach. I felt dreadful and started drinking in the morning to deal with the remorse."
John, a pragmatic man, admits being attacked by his fiancee was tough but says: "I knew the alcohol was behind Maria's mood swings, and could still see the woman I loved underneath."
By 2013, Maria's lunch was just wine, or beer, with drinks staggered around shifts at the hotel where she worked. "I'd have a drink two minutes before I left for work and as soon as I got back," she says.
"Sometimes at weekends I would push my wine glass behind my computer screen, but usually I didn't bother. Perhaps drinking in front of John was a cry for help, but it was also because I was too addicted to care. I could see how much it upset him - sometimes he was so angry he wouldn't speak to me for days and any marriage plans were on hold."
John's pleas for her to stop drinking became ultimatums. "I told her to choose between alcohol or me. Maria said she would stop drinking, but never did," he recalls.
The turning point was not so much her health as a realisation one Saturday morning in December 2014 that sobriety was an option.
"I was at my computer with a glass in hand when I suddenly wondered what life would be like without alcohol. It sounds strange, but I'd never considered I could give up before. I walked into the living room and told John I needed to stop drinking. 'I've been telling you that for years,' he replied as we hugged.
"Saying the words out loud made my intentions seem real."
Maria's GP referred her to a substance misuse team who prescribed her anti-anxiety medication to help her withdraw and offered counselling. "I was drenched with sweat and I shook and felt sick as the alcohol left my body," she recalls.
"John brought me soup when I lost my appetite. It was incredibly hard, but knowing I could lose John gave me the determination to keep going.
"As months passed we started having fun together. For my 50th birthday last July he booked a surprise holiday to the States. Before, I'd have spent the whole time wondering where I'd get my next drink. Without that burden, I felt liberated. We would have split up had I not stopped drinking."
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