If you can't enjoy certain foods without feelings of guilt, you might have an unhealthy relationship with your diet. Photo / NZ Herald
If you can't enjoy certain foods without feelings of guilt, you might have an unhealthy relationship with your diet. Photo / NZ Herald
Travelling on a train recently, I couldn’t help but overhear two women deep in conversation about a mutual obsession with food, including emotional triggers that pushed them towards chocolate and pizza.
They shared feeling guilty about a perceived lack of willpower around food and regularly rummaging through the fridge looking for tasty treats to help soothe emotions. Both lamented not being able to stop and think before eating.
Their discussion was a long way from talking about physiological requirements for food to fuel your body and meet essential nutrient needs. Instead, it was highly emotive.
It got me thinking about the meaning of a healthy relationship with food, how a person’s eating behaviours develop, and how a “good” relationship can be nurtured. Here’s what a “healthy” food relationship can look like.
You can check whether your relationship with food is “healthy” by seeing how many items on this list you tick ‘yes’ to. Are you:
In-tune with your body cues, meaning you’re aware when you are hungry, when you’re not, and when you’re feeling full?
Eating appropriate amounts and variety of foods across all food groups at regular intervals so your nutritional and health and wellbeing needs are met?
Comfortable eating with others and also eating alone?
Able to enjoy food without feelings of guilt or it dominating your life?
If you didn’t get many ticks, you might need to work on improving your relationship with food.
Mindful eating, or slowing down when you eat and thinking about each mouthful, is one way to create a healthy relationship with food. Photo / 123rf
Why does a good relationship with food matter?
A lot of ‘no’ responses indicate you may be using food as a coping mechanism in response to negative emotions. The problem is, this triggers the brain’s reward centre, meaning although you feel better, this behaviour becomes reinforced, so you are more likely to keep eating in response to negative emotions.
Emotional eating and bouts of uncontrolled eating are more likely to be associated with eating disorder symptoms and with having a worse-quality diet, including lower intakes of vegetables and higher intakes of nutrient-poor foods.
A review of studies on food addiction and mental health found healthy dietary patterns were associated with a lower risk of both disordered eating and food addiction. Higher intakes of vegetables and fruit were found to be associated with lower perceived stress, tension, worry and lack of joy in a cohort of more than 8,000 Australian adults.
How to develop a healthy food relationship
There are ways to improve your relationship with food. Here are some tips:
1. Keep a ‘food mood’ diary. Writing down when and where you eat and drink, who you’re with, what you’re doing and how all this makes you feel will give you personal insights into when, what and why you consume the things you do. This helps increase awareness of emotions including stress, anxiety, depression, and factors that influence eating and drinking.
2. Reflect on what you wrote in your food mood diary, especially why you’re eating when you eat. If reasons include stress, low mood or other emotions, create a ‘distraction’ list featuring activities such as going for a walk or listening to music and put it on the fridge, a noticeboard or in your phone, so it’s easy to access.
3. Practise mindful eating. This means slowing down so you become very aware of what is happening in your body and mind moment by moment when eating and drinking, without making any judgement about your thoughts and feelings. Mindless eating occurs when you eat without thinking at all. Being mindful means taking the time to check whether you really are hungry, or whether it’s “eye” hunger triggered by seeing food, “nose” hunger triggered by smells wafting from shops or cafes, “emotional hunger” triggered by feelings, or true, tummy-rumbling hunger.
4. Learn about your nutrient needs. Learning why your body needs specific vitamins and minerals and the foods they’re in, rather than just mentally coding food as “good” or “bad”, can help you drop the guilt. Banning “bad” foods makes you want them more, and like them more. Mindfulness can help you gain an appreciation of foods that are both pleasing and nourishing.
5. Focus on getting enjoyment from food. Mindless eating can be reduced by focusing on enjoying food and the pleasure that comes from preparing and sharing food with others. One intervention for women who had concerns about dieting and weight control used workshops to raise their awareness of food cues that prompt eating, including emotions, or being in places they normally associate with eating, and also sensory aspects of food including taste, touch, smell, sound and texture. It also aimed to instruct them in how to embrace pleasure from social, emotional and cultural aspects of food. The intervention led to a reduction in overeating in response to emotional cues such as sadness and stress. Another review of 11 intervention studies that promoted eating pleasure and enjoyment found promising results on healthy eating, including better diet quality, healthier portion sizes, healthier food choices and greater enjoyment of healthy foods. Participants also reported healthy food tasted better and got easier to cook more often at home.
It's important to allow yourself to enjoy your food. Photo / 123rf
Where to get help to improve your relationship with food
A healthy relationship with food also means the absence of disordered eating habits, including binge eating, or eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia.
If you or someone you know shows signs suggesting disordered eating, such as regularly using restrictive practices to limit food intake, skipping meals, following food rituals dictating which foods or combinations to eat at specific times, binge eating, feeling out of control around food, secret eating, inducing vomiting or using diet pills, follow up with a GP or health professional.
You can get more information from InsideOut, an Australian institute for eating disorders. Try their online food relationship “check-up” tool.
The Butterfly Foundation also has specific resources for parents and teachers. In New Zealand, you can get in touch with Edanz here or call 0800 2EDANZ, or Lifeline on 0800 543 354 or text 4357 (HELP).
By Clare Collins, laureate professor in nutrition and dietetics, University of Newcastle, and Tracy Burrows, professor in nutrition and dietetics, University of Newcastle.
