KEY POINTS:
Where did the words "loo" and "flip-flop" originate?
How did the name Gordon Bennett come to be used as an expression of exasperation?
And who came up with the term "wazzock"?
Some of the most enduring etymological mysteries have been answered, after the British public set about researching the provenance of popular words and phrases in a nationwide word hunt.
Yesterday, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) announced it had updated its pages with 34 new definitions of words after the public helped to trace their history.
Surprisingly, the word "loo" has an aristocratic origin while "flip-flop" was predictably picked up by a serviceman stationed in the Far East.
The BBC television series Balderdash and Piffle uncovered the derivations with the help of viewers who sent in the earliest uses, and possible explanations, for a list of modern words as well as older phrases.
"Gordon Bennett", listed in the OED as a euphemism for Gorblimey, was found in a 1937 novel by James Curtis entitled You're in the Racket, too! which includes the phrase: "He stretched and yawned. Gordon Bennett, he wasn't half tired."
Meanwhile, "wazzock", listed as a stupid or annoying person, was found in a 1976 recording by the British folk singer, author and broadcaster Mike Harding.
The source for "flip-flop" was discovered in the customs declaration of a Royal Australian Air Force serviceman leaving Malaya in 1958.
The OED drafted a new definition for the word "bollocks" after viewers found it had been used as a term of praise by Superbike magazine in September 1981, when it hailed a scantily-clad woman with a motorcycle as "the Absolute Bollocks".
The BBC show also unearthed an origin for "loo", tracking it back to a letter written in 1936 by the actress Lady Diana Cooper to her husband Duff Cooper, sent from Tangiers, in which she wrote of every room in her hotel having a pretty Moorish bath and "a lu-lu a cote".
Tania Styles, the OED's etymologist, said of the letter: "It couldn't really refer to anything else. It has long been suspected that this euphemism for toilet was born in an aristocratic setting, and this blue-blooded evidence adds weight to this theory."
The programme had appealed to the public to send in proof of someone being called "one sandwich short of a picnic" before 1993, as well as the term "daft as a brush" being used before 1945 and "kinky" earlier than 1959.
John Simpson, the OED chief editor, expressed delight at the outcome of the public appeal.
He said: "What's great is that people have found the sort of earlier evidence which our own researchers couldn't realistically have tracked down, for example the hand-written customs declaration form which gave us "flip-flops".
This year's list contained details on the earliest known usage of 40 words.
The OED agreed to update 34 of them after its compilers considered the new evidence.
The new definitions have been added to its online edition and will be included in all updated book editions.
Last year's nationwide word hunt provided updated information on the origins of the ploughman's lunch, the 99er ice cream and "the full monty" among others.
Etymologies uncovered
Bloody Mary: The popular cocktail has been traced to a 1939 NY Tribune article which described "George Jessel's newest pick-me-up" as a "Bloody Mary: half tomato juice, half vodka".
Glamour model: Mention is made of a 1958 Glamour Guide supplement and a Pocket Guide to Glamour Photography by J. E. Hollands & L. Danells, which described itself as "a handy reference for glamour models and photographers".
Pole dance: Traced to a 1991 usenet newsgroup called alt.sex in a posting entitled Music & Dancing: "You play a little funk and start pole-dancing ... with your partner's body ... It's safe to say that I'm ready!"
Marital aid: A 1969 Independent-Press-Telegram from Long Beach, California, wrote: "The bookstore ... bears a sign advertising 'marital aids, exotic books, exotic magazines, art films and party novelties'".
Wolf whistle: A 1944 Fresno Bee article stated: "A group of Fulton Street 'scientists' report that at last they have identified and isolated the female version of the wolf whistle - that often heard call used by men of the armed forces when their trail crosses that of the opposite sex."
For a full list of the newly-established etymologies, click here.
- INDEPENDENT, NZ HERALD STAFF
