Dr Workman said: "The Queen is probably more extrovert than she appears. It takes a lot to stand up in front of people and give a good talk and at the same time she has to be controlled as the head of state."
If the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge took the survey, their choice of a cocker spaniel, Lupo, suggests intelligence, agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Hounds, such as foxhounds and beagles, are known for their even temperament and tend to be found by the side of calm and consistent people. Working dogs, such as Great Danes, are owned by people who score higher on average on agreeableness and intelligence.
Labradors and golden retrievers, the pets of choice for celebrities like Gwyneth Paltrow and Jennifer Aniston, tend to be paired with friendly sorts. However, owners of toy dogs, like chihuahuas, buck the stereotype.
Dr Workman, who presented his findings at the British Psychological Society's annual conference, said: "One of the great things was that toy dog owners, who are often seen as airheads, came out pretty much on top when it came to openness, creativity and intelligence.
"Isaac Newton had what we'd today call a toy dog, a Pomeranian. He could take it around with him. It was easy to handle and left his mind free for other things," said the Bath Spa University psychologist.
Several years ago, Dr Workman showed that people really do look like their dogs - because we are drawn to pets with similar physical attributes.
Discussing his latest results, he said: "It could be that when you look for a dog, on some level that is largely subconscious, you look for something that is a bit like you.
"It is a bit like looking for a romantic partner, if they fit in, they will probably last. But it also has to fit in with your lifestyle. If you are going to get a gundog, you need to be an outdoor-type of person."
Dr Workman, who has put in touch with dog owners by the Kennel Club, said the results could be used to create a questionnaire that would help match would-be owners with suitable breeds and so reduce the number of abandoned pets.
- DAILY MAIL