Panic attacks can be overwhelming, but with the right approach, you can help someone through the worst of it. Photo / 123rf
Panic attacks can be overwhelming, but with the right approach, you can help someone through the worst of it. Photo / 123rf
A meteorologist stepped away from a live broadcast when he noticed familiar feelings of panic start to arise. We can all learn from how he and his colleagues handled it.
A meteorologist in Australia was delivering the weather report on live television last week when he started having a panicattack.
Nate Byrne, the news presenter, later explained to BBC News that he was heading to the studio’s “weather wall” when he realised he was suddenly out of breath.
“The specific position – in front of the wall – is a trigger for me,” he said. “My body starts tingling. I start sweating. Just everything in my body is screaming: Run. Go. Get out.”
Because he had dealt with on-air panic attacks before, he and his colleagues knew what to do. Byrne explained what was happening to viewers, then quickly tossed to the anchor of the show while he went off camera to recover.
How can you help if a friend, family member or colleague is having a panic attack? We asked experts for tips.
First, what is a panic attack?
A panic attack is a sudden wave of overwhelming fear and anxiety that is accompanied by physical symptoms.
For some people it can produce the same sensations as a heart attack, including chest pain and tightness, or a racing heartbeat, said Dr Harmony Reynolds, a cardiologist at NYU Langone Health in New York City.
Panic attacks and heart attacks can also cause difficulty breathing, the feeling that you might faint, nausea, sweating, numbness in the arms and “a sense that something is terribly wrong”, she said.
A person who is having a panic attack may not speak as coherently as they normally would because they’re dealing with high anxiety. But despite the intense feelings happening inside, a person’s outward appearance can mask their distress.
“You often don’t know that somebody is having a panic attack unless they tell you,” said Lynn Bufka, a clinical psychologist and spokesperson for the American Psychological Association, who has been treating patients with panic attacks and panic disorder for nearly 30 years.
When do you need to go to the emergency department?
It can be hard to distinguish between a panic attack, which typically doesn’t warrant a trip to the emergency room, and a heart attack. If there’s any doubt, or if someone is having thoughts of self-harm or suicide in addition to panic symptoms, then it’s best to go to a hospital emergency department for an evaluation, the experts said.
Panic attacks usually resolve within about 15 minutes, while heart attack symptoms can last longer or might go away and come back. So if symptoms linger, seek medical attention, Reynolds said.
If someone is experiencing similar symptoms in specific situations, such as being in a crowd or during public speaking, then a panic attack is more likely, she said.
Panic attacks are often triggered by specific situations, such as public speaking or crowded spaces. Photo / 123rf
What are the warning signs?
If someone close to you is prone to panic attacks, familiarise yourself with the signs that one is coming on – and encourage them to do so as well.
Dacher Keltner, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, experienced more than 100 panic attacks when he was in his 30s.
When they first started, he went to the doctor numerous times. “I think I’m dying,” he would say. “Could you check my heart?”
But each time he was given a clean bill of health.
Eventually, he learned to observe his body’s sensations “in a neutral, nonreactive fashion”, he said, so that his physical symptoms didn’t overwhelm him. And he often reminded himself the feelings he was experiencing were transient: “This is fleeting, you’ve been through this before.”
The average panic attack lasts about 15 minutes, though it can feel much longer to the person experiencing it. Photo / 123rf
How can you help someone during a panic attack?
“One of the most important steps is to stay with the person to keep them calm,” said Dr Ramaswamy Viswanathan, president of the American Psychiatric Association. Speak slowly and use reassuring words that will let them know they are safe, and that the panic attack won’t last long, he said.
Panic attacks will typically “rise in intensity quickly, often within a few minutes – and stay on peak for several minutes before they fall off in intensity”, Viswanathan said.
Ask the person who is suffering to focus on their breath – you can even do a breathing exercise alongside them. Aim to breathe slowly from the belly, not the chest, to help open up the lungs.
In some cases, Viswanathan said, it can also help to do physical, repetitive movements such as lifting their arms over their head or stomping their feet.
Panic attacks usually become less challenging once a person learns coping strategies, Bufka said.
That was the case for Byrne, the meteorologist, who wrote about his panic attacks in 2022. In the article, he said he had worked with a psychologist and had also used beta blockers, medications that can ease the physical symptoms of the “fight or flight” response to stress.
When he first had a panic attack on TV, he said, “I thought that my career was over.”
But “talking about my anxiety and seeking treatment mean that it’s something I can live with and manage,” he wrote. “It means I can keep doing the thing I love.”
