Women who undergo plastic surgery are wearing a "burqa made of flesh", according to a Vatican document which also warns that cosmetic procedures "amputate" human expression from the face.
The discussion paper, produced by a panel of female consultants to the Pontifical Council for Culture in advance of a meeting in Rome this week, argues that plastic surgery is "aggressive" towards the feminine identity and can be linked to eating disorders and depression.
Cosmetic procedures motivated by vanity are "one of the many manipulations of the body that explore its limits with respect to the concept of identity" in the modern world, the document says.
"Plastic surgery that is not medico-therapeutic can be aggressive toward the feminine identity, showing a refusal of the body, in as much as it is a refusal of the 'season' that is being lived out," the writers add.
The document, entitled Women's Cultures: Equality and Difference, also quotes a woman who said: "Plastic surgery is like a burqa made of flesh."