One side of the New Zealand $5 note features the mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary and summit of Aoraki Mt Cook. The other side shows the yellow-eyed penguin, or hoiho.
Sir Ed is no longer with us, but remains a treasured New Zealander. Now there is startling evidence that within a few decades or even less, hoiho, a cherished but endangered seabird, may no longer be part of New Zealand's mainland fauna.
The endemic seabird has always been linked with the rugged Otago and Southland coasts, scuttling up from the sea to nest. For years the penguins have featured in advertising and branding.
Such is their attraction they have become a flagship species for nature-based tourism. According to one estimate, the presence of wildlife species on the Otago Peninsula generates $100 million a year in the regional economy.
Hoiho then are an economic and biological asset. A new study however suggests their survival on the mainland is in peril. Climate change, disease, fishing, predation and human impacts including unregulated tourism together have taken their toll on penguin numbers.