She was so concerned that rival reporters would steal her scoop she used coded language for the dispatch back home, relayed through an India military radio outpost: "Snow conditions bad stop advanced base abandoned yesterday stop awaiting improvement."
In 1956, for the Manchester Guardian, she helped break the news that French forces were secretly attacking Egypt during the so-called Suez Canal crisis that threatened to start a world war. The French and British, who also were allied against Egypt, both withdrew in embarrassment after denying the initial reports and British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigned within months. In the early 1960s, she covered Adolf Eichmann's trial in Jerusalem.
Morris went on to receive praise for her immersive travel writing, with Venice and Trieste among the favoured locations, and for her Pax Britannica histories about the British empire, a trilogy begun as James Morris and concluded as Jan Morris. In 1985, she was a Booker Prize finalist for an imagined travelogue and political thriller, Last Letters from Hav, about a Mediterranean city-state that was a stopping point for the author's globe-spanning knowledge and adventures, where visitors ranged from Saint Paul and Marco Polo to Ernest Hemingway and Sigmund Freud.
The book was reissued 21 years later as part of Hav, which included a sequel by Morris and an introduction from the science fiction-fantasy author Ursula K. Le Guin.
"I read it ('Hav') as a brilliant description of the crossroads of the West and East ... viewed by a woman who has truly seen the world, and who lives in it with twice the intensity of most of us," Le Guin wrote.
Morris' other works included the memoirs Herstory and Pleasures of a Tangled Life, the essay collections Cities, and Locations and the anthology The World: Life and Travel 1950-2000. A collection of diary entries, In My Mind's Eye, came out in 2019, and a second volume is scheduled for January. Allegorizings, a nonfiction book of personal reflections that she wrote more than a decade ago and asked not be published in her lifetime, also will be released in 2021.
Born James Humphrey Morris in Somerset, with a Welsh father and English mother, Morris remembered questioning her gender by age 4. She had an epiphany as she sat under her mother's piano and thought that she had "been born into the wrong body, and should really be a girl". For some 20 years she kept her feelings secret, a "cherished" secret that became a prayer when at Oxford University she and fellow students would observe a moment of silence while worshipping at the school cathedral.
"Into that hiatus, while my betters I suppose were asking for forgiveness or enlightenment, I inserted silently every night, year after year throughout my boyhood, an appeal less graceful but no less heartfelt: 'And please, God, let me be a girl. Amen,'" Morris wrote in her memoir.
"I felt that in wishing so fervently, and so ceaselessly, to be translated into a girl's body, I was aiming only at a more divine condition, an inner reconciliation."
To the outside world, James Morris seemed to enjoy an exemplary male life. He was 17 when he joined the British Army during World War II, served as an intelligence officer in Palestine and mastered the "military virtues of "courage, dash, loyalty, self-discipline". In 1949, Morris married Elizabeth Tuckniss, and they had five children. (One died in infancy).
But privately Morris felt "dark with indecision and anxiety" and even considered suicide. She had traveled the "long, well-beaten, expensive, and fruitless path" of psychiatrists and sexologists. She had concluded that no one in her situation had ever, "in the whole history of psychiatry, been 'cured' by the science."
Life as a woman changed how Morris saw the world and how the world saw Morris. She would internalise perceptions that she couldn't fix a car or lift a heavy suitcase, found herself treated as an inferior by men and a confidante by women. She learned that there is "no aspect of existence, no moment of the day, no contact, no arrangement, no response, which is not different for men and women".
Morris and Elizabeth were divorced, but they remained close, and, in 2008, formalised a new bond in a civil union. They also promised to be buried together, under a stone inscribed in both Welsh and English: "Here lie two friends, at the end of one life".
- AP
