Potash is a key ingredient in fertilizer.
Uralkali pulled out of the trading venture in July after accusing the government in Minsk of allowing the state-owned company to export potash independently. Uralkali's withdrawal left Belarusian Potash Co. with virtually no qualified staff and raised fears of a price war. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko claimed that Uralkali and Baumgertner's actions harmed his country's economy.
Baumgertner is suspected of "abusing his powers," an accusation that his business partners and some Russian officials found absurd because the executive was not an official and therefore had no powers to abuse. Uralkali has denied the charges, describing Minsk's actions as blackmail.
Baumgertner's release comes days after a former Russian presidential candidate, Mikhail Prokhorov, said he would buy 22 percent of Uralkali from billionaire Suleyman Kerimov, who fell out with Lukashenko.
Lukashenko earlier threatened to bring charges against Kerimov in Belarus, and said that Baumgertner would be allowed to go only if he paid the damages that he allegedly caused, estimated at $100 million. It was not clear Thursday if Baumgertner would have to pay the damages.
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Vasilyeva reported from Moscow.