It was narrowly passed by 219 to 211 votes, however it still did not pass in the House, and another vote would now take place next week to see if it could be revived.
Speaking to TV 3's The Nation this morning, executive director of the New Zealand International Business Forum Stephen Jacobi said while it was a setback for the United States it was "not the end of the story".
"I think you can say the ship is taking water, but it's not yet on the rocks."
"The important thing to remember is the fast track legislation itself was actually passed, and it's a supporting piece of legislation around assistance for workers and companies that is in doubt.
"I think there are procedural things that can be done next week to try to get this whole package through but it's going to take a lot of fancy footwork on the part of the leadership of the house of representatives."
Trade Minister Tim Grosser told The Nation that the fundamental problem was there was extremely weak support within the US Democratic party for trade.
"Whether or not there is a procedural way around this, that's the rock in the road.
"Assume they can't get around the rock in the road... we will not do TPP anytime soon, it's as simple as that. And that will be a major opportunity lost for New Zealand unfortunately if that proves to be the case."
The TPP, officially known as Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), involves 12 countries including the United States, New Zealand and Australia, and would be the biggest trade agreement ever signed.
- NZME.