‘A lightbulb moment’
If the quality of work has improved somewhat, why might that be? The tight labour market has helped people to feel less insecure — and might well have prompted employers to make other changes to recruit and retain staff. Then there is the pandemic-induced shift towards remote or hybrid work, which Felstead calls “a radical shift, a lightbulb moment, a break in history”. Nicholas Bloom, a professor of economics at Stanford University in the US, told me working-from-home levels had been doubling roughly every 15 years until the pandemic. Then we had “40 years of acceleration in the space of three years”.
Felstead and Davies found that job quality improved most in those occupations that had become more likely to involve working from home at least one day a week. And, notably, these winners weren’t just highly paid professionals who had the best working conditions to begin with. This puts a question mark over the idea that hybrid work has widened the gulf between “lovely” jobs and “lousy” ones.
“Before the pandemic, those who were working from home were among the highest echelons, but that benefit has trickled down,” Felsted told me. People such as call centre workers, administrative staff, housing advisers and paralegals are now much more likely to be able to work from home at least one day a week than they were before the pandemic. And that seems to have made the quality of their jobs better: more flexible; less pressured.
Of course, plenty of people can’t ever work remotely. I think it’s no surprise that these workers have been more likely to quit their jobs or go on strike. The CIPD surveys suggest that people in caring jobs, leisure jobs and factory jobs are among those who have actually experienced a drop in work-life balance since the pandemic began. Pay has certainly been the primary reason for industrial conflict at a time of falling real wages, but Bloom says the ability to do hybrid work is equivalent to a roughly 7 to 8 per cent pay increase, based on surveys of how much people value it. That’s a perk that has fallen highly unevenly.
Is hybrid work here to stay? Research by Bloom and his colleagues, which used a large-language model which used artificial intelligence to analyse 250 million job adverts in five English-speaking countries, shows the share of postings that explicitly offer fully remote or hybrid work has shot up from under 5 per cent before the pandemic to roughly 10 per cent or more in all countries (over 15 per cent in the UK) in 2023. But it’s worth remembering the “new normal” hasn’t yet been tested in a labour market where unemployment is high and workers are competing for employers, rather than the other way around.
I hope employers don’t try to wind the clock back, even if they discover they can. Hybrid work seems to have improved working lives — not for everyone, but not just for the elite, either. Plenty of jobs are still lousy, but if some are less lousy, or more lovely, that is progress we shouldn’t throw away.
Written by: Sarah O’Connor
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