The latest payload announcement has attracted criticsim from the Green Party, which says
the upcoming launch in New Zealand "breaches national security and threatens the country's sovereignty and national interests."
Teanau Tuiono, the Green Party's spokesperson for security and intelligence, says Gunsmoke-J is designed to improve US missile targeting capabilities during combat.
"The Government has a moral responsibility to make sure technologies sent into orbit by New Zealand companies from New Zealand soil do not assist other countries' armies to wage war," he says.
"The launch of a satellite that enables weapons of war to more precisely target people does not comply with the principle for authorising New Zealand space activity, approved by Cabinet in 2019. It states 'space activities should be conducted in a way that does not jeopardise human safety (including the safety of people in space)'."
Stuart Nash, the Minister for Economic and Regional Development, countered in a statement, saying:
"I would not approve any payload if we assessed it would contribute to a nuclear weapons programme. This is consistent with our domestic and international legal obligations, as well as our proud and firm history of being nuclear-free.
"Any payload permit application that I approve, regardless of the applicant, must comply with the Outer Space and High-altitude Activities Act 2017 (OSHAA) and other relevant New Zealand legislation, including the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act 1987.
"Each payload permit application is also assessed for consistency with New Zealand's international obligations, including those covering nuclear non-proliferation."
Rocket Lab founder and chief executive Peter Beck earlier told the Herald that his company only carries research, not operational satellites, for military clients. Beck also said that many of the technologies involved were dual-use. He pointed to GPS as a US military satellite technology that had ultimately crossed over into the popular domain as a public good. The internet also grew out of a US military research project.
Additionally, every Rocket Lab payload must now be signed off by the New Zealand Space Agency (housed within) MBIE, plus the Space Minister (currently Stuart Nash), after meeting safety criteria and passing a "national interest" test.
'Space Tug'
They Go Up So Fast's six customer payloads will be integrated onto Photon, which will initially act as a Kick Stage "space tug" to circularise and deploy the satellites to precise orbits, Rocket Lab says.
After deploying the first five satellites to a 550 km circular orbit, Photon's Curie engine will reignite to lower its attitude and deploy the final satellite to a 450 km orbit.
Following payload deployment, Photon Pathstone will remain in orbit "to build flight heritage" across the spacecraft's subsystems ahead of the Capstone mission to the Moon for NASA later this year, as well as Rocket Lab's private mission to Venus in 2023 (a passion project being pursued by Beck following the discovery of phosphine gas in the planet's atmosphere - an indicator of possible life. On Earth, phosphine is only produced through biochemical processes).
Photon Pathstone will demonstrate power management, thermal control, and attitude control subsystems, as well as newly-integrated technologies including deep-space radio capability, an upgraded RCS (reaction control system) for precision pointing in space, and sun sensors and star trackers. Pathstone is the second Photon spacecraft to be deployed to orbit, following the launch of Photon First Light in August 2020, Rocket Lab says.
One launch, mulitple missions
Beck says deploying customer satellites and then continuing with an independent Photon mission is a unique capability that enables multiple missions on the same launch.
"We're delighted to be delivering tailored access to orbit for our customers once again, many of whom have previously launched on Electron. With Photon, and likewise with the Kick Stage, we're able to give our customers an unmatched level of control over their orbital insertion, even when flying as a rideshare," he said.
"What's truly unique to Electron is the ability to deploy a range of customer satellites, then continue with a separate Photon mission. It means making multiple, distinct missions capable within the same launch, reducing the time, cost, and complexity of innovating on orbit. It's nothing short of a complete transformation in the way we go to space."
'They Go Up So Fast' Mission Manifest
'They Go Up So Fast' mission will be Rocket Lab's 19th Electron launch overall and second mission of 2021. The launch will bring the total number of satellites launched by Electron to 104.
Payload: Photon
Organisation: Rocket Lab
The Photon onboard this mission is the latest configuration of Rocket Lab's in-house satellite platform built for operations in low Earth orbit, deep space, and on interplanetary missions. This mission follows the successful launch and deployment of Rocket Lab's first Photon satellite fewer than six months ago on the I Can't Believe It's Not Optical mission in August 2020.
Payload: BlackSky Global Series
Organisation: BlackSky, procured by Spaceflight Inc.
BlackSky will include a single Earth observation microsatellite. This is the seventh launch of a Gen-2 spacecraft to date. Spaceflight arranged the launch and is providing mission management and integration services for BlackSky.
Payload: Centauri 3
Organisation: Fleet Space, procured by Tyvak
Centauri 3 is a newly-designed 6U NanoSat that will join Fleet Space's planned constellation of 140 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) satellites in low Earth orbit. Designed for use in the energy, utilities, and resource industries, the Centauri 3 will also test new hardware and space systems developed by Fleet Space that will support the 2023 Seven Sisters mission, a resource exploration mission by an Australian team of space, remote operations, and resource exploration companies that will launch nanosatellites and sensors to develop new resource exploration techniques for Earth, the Moon, and Mars, in support of NASA's Artemis Program.
Payload: Myriota 7
Organisation: Myriota, procured by Tyvak
Myriota is the global leader in low-cost, secure satellite connectivity for the Internet of Things. Myriota 7 is the latest addition to its satellite constellation, and forms part of a crucial next step for the business, as it moves towards near-real-time connectivity. It will support Myriota's customers by further improving its existing service, which provides access to data from anywhere on Earth. Myriota's long battery life and direct-to-orbit connectivity supports products from technology partners servicing a wide range of industries including utilities, transport and logistics, supply chain, agriculture, mining and defence.
Payload: Veery Hatchling
Organisation: Care Weather Technologies
The Veery Hatchling mission will test Care Weather's vertically-integrated satellite power, computing, and avionics systems in a 1U CubeSat. It paves the way for Care Weather's future constellation of scatterometric radar weather satellites capable of producing hourly maps of global wind speed and direction over the surface of the ocean. Veery Hatchling is the first step in Care Weather's mission to save lives and livelihoods by better forecasting Earth's extreme weather.
Payload: M2
Organisation: The University of New South Wales's Canberra Space
This spacecraft from the University of New South Wales Canberra Space, in collaboration with the Royal Australian Air Force, will bring together emerging technologies that deliver advanced capabilities in earth observation, maritime surveillance, quantum computing, advanced AI, and laser communications. M2 follows on from the successful M2 Pathfinder mission deployed in June 2020 on Rocket Lab's 12th mission, 'Don't Stop Me Now'.
Payload: Gunsmoke-J
Organisation: US Army's SMDC, procured by TriSept
TriSept procured the rideshare slot on Electron for the U.S. Army's Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC). Gunsmoke-J is an experimental 3U CubeSat that will test technologies that support development of new capabilities for the US Army. "TriSept is thrilled to be providing the rideshare slot, dispenser hardware, regulatory compliance in both the U.S. and New Zealand, and spacecraft integration for this important technology demonstration in space. We look forward to the integration of this small but game-changing payload aboard Rocket Lab's Electron," said TriSept CEO, Rob Spicer.
