BP says the emergence of large low-cost oil refineries in Asia is the reason for its decision to close its Brisbane operations, which could cost at least 350 jobs.
The company will halt production at the Bulwer Island plant by mid-2015.
"While this decision will significantly improve our competitive position, it will result in job losses and I would like to acknowledge the enormous commitment and contribution made over many years by our staff at Bulwer Island," BP Australasia president Andy Holmes said. "We will be doing everything we can to support them through this transition."
Staff numbers at the plant will shrink from 380 to 25 as it is transformed into a fuel import terminal, and about 300 contractors may also be affected.
The growth of very large refineries in Asia had presented the Bulwer operation with a huge challenge which it was not able to meet, Holmes said.