Jack Dorsey, Twitter's co-founder and chief executive, is Silicon Valley's answer to Gwyneth Paltrow. Photo / Bryan Thomas, The New York Times
The Twitter chief executive is tech's foremost manfluencer, guiding his followers toward optimum cognitive performance. Or, at least, hunger. Nellie Bowles from The New York Times reports.
Young men are staggering around, hungry for days. They are throwing themselves into ice baths and cryotherapy pods. There are not enough beds at the silent vegan meditation centres to accommodate them. They need more near-infrared bulbs.
They are the followers of Jack Dorsey, Silicon Valley's answer to the mega-influencer Gwyneth Paltrow. The lithe, 42-year-old tech founder has become a one-man Goop.
"In terms of influence, no one is at the scale of Jack," said Geoffrey Woo, whose startup, HVMN, sells fasting tools (like a liquid ketone supplement). He also heads up WeFast, an online support network for intermittent fasters.
It's unlikely that Dorsey can embrace his wellness guru role as fully as Paltrow. He is already the chief executive of both the payments platform Square (valued at $30 billion) and Twitter (valued at $26 billion). As Twitter's head, he spends his days navigating issues around free speech for white supremacists, online abuse and the spread of terrorist propaganda, all while facing a deluge of criticism from everyone (including the American president).
Still, Dorsey finds time for himself. For 10 days a year, he sits in silence at a meditation retreat. Before getting dressed each morning, he experiments with using his home infrared sauna and then an ice bath, sometimes cycling through both several times before he leaves home. He walks 8km to work. He eats one meal a day and has said that on the weekends when he fasts from Friday to Saturday, "time slows down."
He talks about starting each morning with salt juice — water mixed with Himalayan salt and lemon. It is dispensed in Twitter offices around the world.
The tech world has two main personalities with cults: Dorsey and his foil, Elon Musk. Followers of Musk, the founder of SpaceX and Tesla, are drawn to his brash hypermasculinity and angry tweets — his memes, rockets and flamethrowers.
Musk's fans see him as a model of aggressive optimism. They swarm critics on Twitter and form Tesla Motor clubs. Some call themselves Musketeers, and there are quite a few Musk-themed tattoos posted to message boards.
He is the billionaire doing the things a billionaire in movies does. His hair has gotten thicker and his arms buffer. He dated a pop star and smoked pot on a podcast.
Dorsey, in comparison, seems to be having less fun.
He is very thin. He looks paler than usual. His beard is longer. The lines on his face have deepened, and he can seem to disappear in one of those high-end, overly long T-shirts. But to his followers, this monastic, pensive leader is a better direction for Silicon Valley. And while Musk's acolytes seek to mirror an attitude, Dorsey's have an 11-point lifestyle plan.
Just as an endorsement from Paltrow can make even the most spurious self-help objects instantly covetable, an endorsement from Dorsey can put products out of stock for weeks.
"We're just really glad he's spreading the message," said Harpreet Rai, the chief executive of Oura Ring, which makes a sleep tracking device Dorsey endorsed.
Brian Richards, the founder of SaunaSpace, also owes something to the Twitter founder's words. His company makes "Personal Near-Infrared Sauna" equipment. (A near-infrared sauna heats by pointing incandescent lights at you.) Its latest product is a Faraday tent, of sorts, that purports to block electromagnetic transmissions — creating "your very own EMF-free ancestral space." Richards said his company had never been mentioned in the national press until Dorsey started talking about his personal SaunaSpace sauna on a fitness podcast, and now his products are back-ordered by a month.
"The demand's been insane," Richards said. "He legitimises it. He's a true believer. And now people are like, 'Hey, if this guy's doing it, maybe there's something to it.'"
To Richards, who is based in Columbia, Missouri, it makes sense that Dorsey's tech followers would find these saunas and become one of his biggest consumer bases.
"An EMF-blocking Faraday sauna is really the only escape these people have from electromagnetic stress," Richards said. (Though a study of middle-aged and older Finnish men indicates that their health benefited from saunas, there have been no major studies conducted of "Faraday saunas.")
Those who run meditation centers, especially those running the specific type Dorsey endorses, Vipassana, are seeing booming wait-lists. A recent silent meditation retreat at Spirit Rock near San Francisco was completely full, with about 100 attendees — plus 603 people on the wait-list.
And the new meditators are very young. Since 2013, the number of retreatants between ages 18 and 29 has tripled.
Rachel Uris, the center's director of development, said she is now getting startup employees who want to come as a group.
"It's not just one person going on retreats anymore," she said. "We are in this moment where CEOs are saying, 'I'm seeing this as a really important tool that can enrich the work experience.'"
Spirit Rock is now expanding.
Many of the activities Dorsey endorses are not inherently fun, and so his personal seal of approval makes a big difference.
"It's such a strange service — who wants to be in the cold? You need to hear about it from someone you trust," said Michael Garrett, the head of Reboot, a spa that offers cryotherapy around the Bay Area. (Cryotherapy is when you make yourself get cold.) "And now people are getting their information from CEOs. That's where the culture is going. Dorsey's a successful guy. So you listen."
He said the cold therapy gives him a high, as blood rushes to his head and chest, and he believes practitioners are addicted. "I'm addicted straight up, it's a high and I love it," Garrett said.
No community has embraced Dorsey as their guru more than the fasters, who spend days on end just not eating. Dorsey's very public endorsements of this movement have led to criticism that he is endorsing eating disorders.
The WeFast community, started in 2015, now has around 25,000 members across its closed Slack and Facebook groups. They share about fasting and their blood ketone levels. There is also a private WhatsApp group for Silicon Valley power players who fast.
"We just grew up expecting three meals a day plus snacks. But why? Why does that exist?" Woo asked on a recent day at the HVMN office. Various ketone supplements were scattered around the tables.
While health trends have historically been set by Los Angeles, with people obsessing over an actor's workout or skin routine, Woo argues that in the current economy, following the habits of a tech CEO like Dorsey makes more sense.
"In LA, there's an economic value in appearing good, being physically strong, but we're not physical labourers anymore. I'm not a farmer," Woo said. "Now we need to optimise for cognitive performance and intellectual labor."
The movement has grown so fast now, Woo has had to begin warning people not to obsess on Dorsey too much. Just as Paltrow's Goop was fined $145,000 for claims about jade eggs, Woo cautions that even Silicon Valley's guru can let his eccentricities go beyond science.
"People should slow down and understand what they're trying to optimise for before just following Jack," Woo said. "You don't want to be in a cargo cult type thing."
Written by: Nellie Bowles
Photographs by: Bryan Thomas
© 2019 THE NEW YORK TIMES
The council has also been served with judicial review proceedings.