She added: "I think that part of the problem in both Japanese companies and society in general is that there is too much respect for seniority that is based on age rather than ability."
Makoto Watanabe, a senior lecturer in communications at Hokkaido Bunkyo University, said "too many old people refuse to retire because their entire identities and lives are wrapped up in their jobs".
He said Japan had also witnessed a proliferation of what are known as "black companies", which pay poorly, fail to provide health or insurance coverage and force staff to put in hours that are beyond the legal limits.
"These people [staff] are really being abused", said Watanabe. "They are paid badly, work in dangerous environments and have bad bosses, so in many ways it is a surprise that only 27 per cent of people say they want to kill their boss."
In March, police in Saitama Prefecture, north of Tokyo, arrested a 21-year-old part-time worker at a bedroom furnishing warehouse on suspicion of setting the building on fire. Firefighters 31 hours to control the blaze, although there were no casualties. Satoru Sunaga admitted arson and said he started the fire "to relieve stress", Fuji TV reported.