A key question for Wall Street remains the timing of a US Federal Reserve interest rate increase. Most investors and analysts interpreted minutes from the July Federal Open Market Committee meeting, released on Wednesday, to indicate US policy makers might not raise interest rates next month.
Citi analysts begged to differ, predicting the Fed will raise rates at its September 16-17 meeting.
"The increased prominence of financial stability considerations in the FOMC discussion is a very hawkish signal that markets apparently ignored with the release of the July minutes," according to the team at Citi, led by William Lee, Bloomberg reported.
US crude oil is trading near a 6-1/2 year low of US$40.21 a barrel. Economist Gary Shilling said he is sticking with his forecast the price will drop to between US$10 and US$20 a barrel.
"Right now there are so many more concerns than hopes," Larry Peruzzi, director of international trading at Cabrera Capital Markets in Boston, told Bloomberg. "There are global growth concerns, Fed minutes created some uncertainty about rates, and also playing a part is oil poised to dip below US$40."
In terms of US economic data, the Conference Board's index of leading economic indicators fell 0.2 percent in July. Separately, the National Association of Realtors said existing home sales rose 2 percent to an annual rate of 5.59 million units last month, the highest since February 2007, and the Labor Department said jobless claims rose 4,000 to a seasonally adjusted 277,000 for the week ended August 15.
Finally, the Philadelphia Fed's business activity index climbed to 8.3 in August, up from 5.7 in July.
"We continue to expect both economic growth and labour market activity to continue shifting higher, providing the justification for the Fed to begin the normalisation in monetary policy in September," Millan Mulraine, deputy chief economist at TD Securities in New York, told Reuters.
In Europe, the Stoxx 600 Index ended the session with a 2.1 percent drop from the previous close. The UK's FTSE 100 Index fell 0.6 percent, France's CAC 40 Index declined 2.1 percent, while Germany's DAX Index shed 2.3 percent.
Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras late Thursday resigned, setting the stage for snap elections on the international bailout that his government negotiated to keep the nation from defaulting and exiting the euro currency zone.