Stocks of companies that most need the economy and the world to return to normal for their profits to heal led the way. A 12.4 per cent surge for Chevron and 11.3 per cent jump for The Walt Disney Co. amid hopes that people will start driving and flying to theme parks again helped the Dow Jones Industrial Average leap 1,277 points, or 4.5 per cent, to 29,600, as of 12:30 p.m. Eastern time.
Cruise operators, airlines and owners of office buildings and shopping malls were also among the market's biggest winners on expectations people will feel comfortable again riding elevators to a desk or shopping in enclosed stores. Carnival surged 35.6 per cent, though it's still down by more than half for 2020 so far.
The Big Tech companies that drove the market higher earlier in the pandemic, in large part because they didn't need a "normal" economy to succeed, were lagging behind. That kept a lid on the gains for the Nasdaq composite, which rose a more modest 0.8 per cent.
Companies whose fortunes soared directly because the pandemic kept everyone hunkered at home, meanwhile, fell sharply. Zoom Video Communications, whose online meetings became how millions of students and workers communicated, sank 13.5 per cent. Grubhub, which benefited from people ordering in for dinner, dropped 11.7 per cent. Etsy, whose online marketplace rode a wave of popularity for handmade masks, lost 10.6 per cent.
If a vaccine for COVID-19 does indeed pan out, analysts say it's a "game changer" and just what the market had been waiting for. It underscores again how the coronavirus and its effect on the economy are the dominant concerns for investors, much more than who wins what in Washington.
The 90% effectiveness rate for Pfizer's potential vaccine is what struck Ajay Rajadhyaksha, head of macro research at Barclays.
"If that proves to be correct, it is a significant positive surprise and increases the odds of a quicker return to normalcy," he said.
Still, analysts caution that several risks remain that could trip up the market's big recent gains.
Investors are pushing stocks up as they focus on a more encouraging future, but the present is still bleak in many ways. Coronavirus counts continue to rise at troubling rates across much of Europe and the United States, so much that several European governments have brought back restrictions on businesses.
And in Washington, some uncertainties remain that could derail what's already become a better than 10% rally for the S&P 500 so far in November. Markets are banking on control of Congress remaining split between Democrats and Republicans, which can keep low tax rates and other pro-business policies the status quo in Washington, but that hinges on the result of run-off elections in Georgia in January.
Potential gridlock also makes any potential rescue package for the economy from Congress likely to be smaller than if Democrats had swept control of all of Washington. President Donald Trump, meanwhile, has refused to concede the election.
For now, though, euphoria about a possible return to normal is the dominant force across markets, particularly as it layers on top of the tremendous aid the Federal Reserve has already put in place for the economy.
"Keep in mind that when you remove the virus from the equation, we are set up tremendously well for growth given the unprecedented easy money policies of the Fed," said Chris Larkin, managing director of trading and investing product at E-Trade Financial.
Pfizer jumped 10.3 per cent as its announcement indicates the company and its German partner, BioNTech, are on track to file an emergency use application for their COVID-19 vaccine with U.S. regulators later this month.
Some investors weren't able to participate immediately, though. Customers were complaining about problems across several brokerages in the morning. Midday Monday, Charles Schwab said it had resolved some technical issues.
In markets around the world, stocks strengthened amid expectations that a Biden-led White House could tamp down rising trade tensions that had built under Trump's administration.
Stock markets across Europe jumped more than 4 per cent. In Asia, many markets rose more than 1 per cent.
