Academic research about CBD's affect on animals is nearly nonexistent, and the Food and Drug Administration has not approved marijuana use in animals. Still, some veterinarians recommend its use, and producers say pet stores are beginning to carry CBD treats. Treatibles is in talks for its products to be sold at a big-box pet store, though an executive wouldn't reveal which one as the deal is pending.
Veterinarians views on the supplement vary. Asked about CBD's effectiveness on dogs, Robert Goggs of Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine said there is "virtually no evidence in the veterinary literature."
Veterinarians Robert Silver and Gary Richter recently hosted a course on the cannabis -dedicated learning website Green Flower titled the "Cannabis for Pets Masterclass." Contacted by phone, Richter acknowledged that scholarly literature is lacking.
"A lot of what we're using is extrapolated data from humans, as well as just real-world experience on what works," he explained. If it works for humans, he argued, it could work for dogs.
In lieu of research, the CBD-for-dogs industry cites supportive veterinarians and customer testimonials as evidence of the products' effectiveness. On the website for Treatibles, which makes edible hemp products for animals, an October interview with the owner of a mixed-breed pup named Shelby described how the dog, plagued with anxiety and fear, settled down after eating a Treatibles product.
Human studies have linked CBD to anti-seizure, anti-inflammatory, and anti-anxiety effects. In findings presented to the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control in June of last year, Nora D. Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, said CBD could potentially aid those suffering from Alzheimer's, stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Despite the largely positive feedback in Volkow's presentation, she warned that additional research on CBD is necessary. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agrees and hopes to review further scientific studies on CBD.
CBD is often purchased online, which is technically a violation of federal law, according to DEA spokesman Russell Baer. "Extracts or derivatives from the cannabis plant are Schedule I controlled substances-just like the plant itself," Baer said in an e-mailed statement. "There is widespread illegal distribution of purported CBD products-regardless if they are derived from the marijuana plant or hemp plant," he added.
At a time when the nation faces an opioid crisis, the DEA's attention is not on CBD, and sterilized cannabis seeds can be legally used in animal feed mixture. Asked about the legality of the business, Therabis called it a "complex situation." Austin + Kat's Donatello expressed frustration with the DEA's position in light of the federal Controlled Substances Act and her ability to buy CBD products at Walmart.com.
Silver, the vet and a consultant to Treatibles, said on behalf of the company that the law is murky and referenced the Farm Act, a 2014 document passed by Congress to reform agricultural programs. The act mentions industrial hemp research and defers to state laws on industrial hemp cultivation.
There's also the matter of ethics. Humans can express discomfort verbally when trying a new treatment. Man's best friend cannot.
"If the proper administration of marijuana can truly relieve dogs' pain, then they should be given the same consideration that humans in pain are given, with regular doses to help reduce their misery," said Daphna Nachminovitch, senior vice president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. "But it's an entirely different matter to amuse oneself by getting the cat drunk or the dog high."
While the researchers debate what, exactly, CBD can do for Fido, investors are excited by its increasing popularity, which has been buoyed by the legalization of cannabis for humans and increased dialogue about marijuana's medicinal properties.
Treatibles founder Julianna Carella said sales have exploded "like wildfire" over the past two years. "I'm not surprised at all," Carella said. "There's so many pet owners that would do just about anything to relieve their animals suffering."
Since February, Therabis has seen revenue quadruple, with sales growing 30 percent month-over-month, according to Joe Hodas, chief marketing officer of Therabis's parent company, Colorado-based Dixie Brands.
Troy Dayton, co-founder of the Arcview Group, an Oakland, California-based investment firm, was a skeptic before he saw the sales numbers. "If humans are noticing in droves all the different ways where cannabis products can have utility for them, then surely there will be a massive application" for animals," he said.
For two years, Arcview has been involved in fundraising efforts for two CBD pet-product companies. Dayton anticipates that additional capital will follow, particularly from investors leery of getting into the recreational cannabis market, which is legally murky. "There's a lot of opportunity" in the CBD market, Dayton said.
