Accusations of "pork-barrelling" and "expansionism" formed the backdrop of the adoption of a four per cent targeted rates rise and annual plan for Rotorua.
However, others said the plan was "astonishing" and "well-balanced".
The Rotorua Lakes Council voted six-two to adopt the 2020/2021 annual plan at an at times fiery meeting on Thursday, with councillors Reynold Macpherson and Raj Kumar recording their votes against.
It was the final sign-off for the plan, which was open for public consultation from May 21 to June 17.
Council chief financial officer Thomas Colle presented the annual plan for adoption, saying it was the end of an "eight-month journey".
"We talked about the strategies around helping Rotorua recover and in particular, around building back Rotorua better."
He noted the targeted rates rise had dropped from a proposed 4.7 per cent to 4 per cent.
"Underpinning the plan, as well, is the prudent use of debt, ensuring that we had a significant capital works programme to not only look after the assets … but also to be able to leverage those for a) creating local employment, but also ensuring that projects were delivering on the economic future of Rotorua.
During today's meeting, deputy mayor Dave Donaldson said he was "delighted" to support the annual plan, calling it "well-balanced".
"It's incredibly important that we use intergenerational funding so that although future generations will be paying it back they'll also be reaping the rewards."
Councillors Sandra Kai Fong, Fisher Wang and Mercia Yates also expressed general support of the plan.
Councillor Tania Tapsell was not in attendance but had her apologies accepted.
Councillor Reynold Macpherson invoked the pepeha - proverb - he aha te mea nui o te ao? He tāngata, he tāngata, he tāngata.
"It's deeply sad to me that a stand out feature of the planning process has been the unwillingness of [the] council to give priority to the affordability of any rates rise to ratepayers - he tangata.
He labelled targeted rates rises and projected increased debt in the annual plan as "the council's latest set of demands" and said it was to support "expansionism".
"He tangata can no longer afford this council's dreams."
Merepeka Raukawa-Tait called for a point of order as Macpherson began discussing the views presented by people on social media, particularly those on Rotorua Residents and Ratepayers Facebook page.
Donaldson joined her.
"Councillor Macpherson is straying into his role as a submitter [on the annual plan] and he should really have declared his predetermined bias," he said.
Councillor Maxwell said the annual plan was one of the "most unusual" he'd ever seen in his time as a councillor and achieving a general rates freeze "wasn't easy".
However, he wasn't "feeling comfortable" about Macpherson's participation as he had been a submitter on the annual plan.
"What Mr Macpherson has been doing should not reflect on Rotorua Lakes Council's professionalism, integrity or reputation."
Councillor Peter Bentley and Macpherson both called for points of order, but Chadwick said Maxwell was "technically correct".
"We had independent legal advice in that you were absolutely conflicted. You refused to accept that advice."
Councillor Merepeka Raukawa-Tait said it was a "good annual plan".
"We have to believe that within a few years time, we will have bounced back, not only better but also different … and that requires courageous leadership.
She said the arguments against the adoption of the annual plan were "not helpful" and came from "someone who doesn't know what [the] council's job is".
Discussing the setting of rates, Raukawa-Tait said there would always be "winners and losers".
Wrapping up discussion on the annual plan, Chadwick said she thought it was "fair that we allowed councillors who had a clear conflict to make their statement today too, rather than feel that [they] were shut down".
She said the annual plan was "the most astonishing" she'd seen in her time on the council.