We’ve finessed our bedtime routines, absorbed the science of circadian rhythms, cleared out the bedroom clutter, battened down the blinds and left our phones at the door to ensure our sleep hygiene is spick and span. And yet, for many of us, a good night’s rest remains as elusive as ever.
As a sleep-deprived nation, where one in three of us suffers from poor sleep, we will do anything for some decent shut-eye; the global sleep market is now worth $1170 billion.
But what if instead of buying weighted blankets and sleep trackers, rethinking the supermarket shop could be the key to buying your way to a better kip?
New research shows what we eat can have a significant effect on the quality of our sleep.
A study recently published in the journal Annual Review of Nutrition, based on research by Columbia University in New York, found that eating a diet containing plenty of fruit and vegetables, plus legumes and dark wholegrain breads, is associated with better quality sleep.
Rob Hobson, nutritionist and author of The Art of Sleeping, is unsurprised by the study's findings: "People who eat more fruit and vegetables generally have a healthier life overall.
“They’re probably eating less sugar and drinking less alcohol. What’s more, many plant-based foods contain nutrients shown to help with sleep, such as magnesium, tryptophan and B6.”
Here, he guides us through which foods harm and which help your sleep and why.
FOODS THAT HARM YOUR SLEEP
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Advertise with NZME.White sugar/fizzy drinks/desserts Food and nutrition surveys have shown that adults eat twice the recommended maximum amount of six teaspoons of sugar per day. White sugar is referred to as a "free" sugar, which is found in all sweeteners (including honey, agave and fruit syrups). Eating lots of sugar during the day can impact on your quality of sleep during the night and pull you out of a deep sleep. One study showed that high sugar consumption led to less deep sleep and more wakefulness. Sugar might also inhibit sleep as it causes the release of a hormone called norepinephrine that can stimulate the brain.
Red meat If you have a meat-heavy diet, you're eating more calories than you need and therefore you could be putting on more weight, which will disrupt your sleep. Heavy foods aren't good if you suffer from indigestion and reflux; that's going to affect your sleep as well. A better approach would be a piece of lean meat, like fillet steak, with salad and maybe a little rice.
Everyone should watch their red meat intake. Going for poultry (chicken or turkey) would make your meals slightly healthier.
Cheese and yoghurt (high fats) If you suffer from indigestion or reflux then high-fat foods can aggravate these problems and keep you awake. They are also foods that can cause you to put on weight and, if you're overweight, you are more likely to snore or suffer from sleep apnoea.
Tyramine is an amino acid found in cheese. There may be some truth in the old wives’ tale cautioning against eating cheese before bedtime; cheese as well as bacon, ham, aubergine and red wine contains a substance called tyramine, which has been linked to migraines.
FOODS THAT HELP YOU SLEEP
The Mediterranean diet The health benefits have been widely researched, and a Mediterranean diet has been shown to help in all areas of health. Essentially, it involves a high intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereals, a moderate intake of fish, a low to moderate intake of dairy foods and a low intake of beef and poultry. It also means a high ratio of mono-unsaturated fats to saturated fats; they can be found in olive oil, avocados, nuts and seeds.
Vital carbohydrates Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that's important for the production of serotonin, key to brain function and plays a role in healthy sleep. It's found in foods such as chicken and turkey, eggs, seeds and fish. It has a lot of competition to make it across the blood-brain barrier, but including in your diet foods rich in carbohydrates, such as pasta, potatoes and rice, can increase its uptake. These foods elevate the hormone insulin, which helps the uptake of tryptophan in several ways.
A combination of tryptophan-rich foods teamed with carbohydrates may provide the perfect evening meal. Example dinners include turkey stir-fry with white rice, salmon with white pasta and pesto, and vegetarian chilli with rice or quinoa.
Ironically, white carbohydrates are better than wholegrain ones in supporting tryptophan transfer because they’re broken down more quickly, so the release of insulin is more rapid.
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Advertise with NZME.Calcium This is a mineral required to convert tryptophan to melatonin, the hormone that makes you feel drowsy. Research published in the journal European Neurology has found that disturbances in sleep, especially during REM, may be related to low levels of calcium. Be sure to include a good supply of calcium in your diet, found in things such as milk, yoghurt, cheese, tofu, dark green leafy vegetables, beans and pulses, squash and canned fish.
Magnesium Magnesium activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for relaxation by binding to gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptors responsible for quieting nerve activity. By doing so, it may help prepare your body for sleep. Magnesium also regulates melatonin, which guides sleep-wake cycles in the body. Magnesium is found in dark green leafy vegetables, seeds, beans, lentils and pulses, oily fish, wholegrains, nuts and avocado.
Vitamin B6 This vitamin is involved in the production of melatonin, the hormone that controls the sleep-wake cycle. Most of us get enough vitamin B6 as it's available in many foods, but it's also easily depleted as a result of stress or excessive alcohol intake. While planning your sleep diet, be sure to include plenty of foods rich in vitamin B6 to keep levels topped up, such as pulses and lentils, liver, oily fish, poultry, bananas, soya foods, beef, lamb and pork.
When to eat before bedtime It all depends on lifestyle; how much you eat at mealtimes and what body weight you're trying to achieve. It might be beneficial to eat protein and fibre-rich foods that are satisfying at night, because the evening is when most people scrabble around in the kitchen for snacks. However, some may choose to eat lighter in the evenings, preferring not to feel too full when they go to bed.
– Daily Telegraph
