Fast bowling leader Peter Siddle stood up to be counted with a superb five-wicket haul under pressure after England won the toss and batted on a flat pitch.
But with an hour-and-a-half left to play, Australia began their innings and were decimated by James Anderson and Steven Finn, with Shane Watson (13), Ed Cowan (0) and Michael Clarke (0) all out for three runs in the space of 18 balls.
New coach Darren Lehmann says he expects more from his new-look top three but has no immediate concerns about star batsman Clarke being exposed in the higher position of No4.
Lehmann, who will not back down from sending David Warner to Africa to gain match practice with Australia A, wants to back Watson, Rogers and Cowan for now.
"You'd like to give confidence to all the players and keep them in every test match," he said. "We were 5-43. I would have liked to have been a little bit more than that.
"That's the job of the top three isn't it? They've got to get through. Michael wants to bat 4 and I support that. I like the captain batting at 4. Openers have to bat longer than they did today.
"Both batting sides would be a bit disappointed on that wicket."
Siddle was the clear stand-out on day one, snaring the eighth five-wicket haul of his career, although he was ably supported by James Pattinson (3-69) and Mitchell Starc (2-54).
From Siddle's first wicket to his fifth, where he knocked over Joe Root, Kevin Pietersen, Jonathan Trott, Ian Bell and Matt Prior, he went for just 22 runs from 51 balls. It was another spectacular start to an Ashes series for the 28-year-old, who claimed a hat-trick on his birthday at the Gabba back in 2010.