He said the Government should invest less money in healthcare and more money in social services, education and reducing poverty.
"We think if we give people enough pills or use enough technology, that's the best way to treat the problem.
"We need to rethink the way we approach health and healthcare. We think about health as a series of medical challenges that sometimes can have social consequences. We would be better served by thinking of health as a series of social challenges and opportunities, that sometimes have medical consequences."
It was better to treat a patient while considering his or her wider environment, he said.
"Any given individual's health is very much a function of the health and wellbeing of all the people in their social communities. It illustrates that we are interconnected with one another, including perfect strangers.
"Our actions have to be collective in nature. We have to use policy as an instrument.
"It has to be aimed at increasing education and reducing poverty."
Professor McDonald is an award-winning health researcher and scholar.