Symptoms include, for adults and children, a stiff neck, headache, fever, vomiting, light insensitivity, drowsiness/confusion, joint pain and fits or seizures.
For babies and infants, symptoms include difficulty waking them, lethargy, a stiff neck or arching back, vomiting, a blank expression, a dislike for being handled, a pale or blotchy complexion and a high-pitched moan or whimper,
Meningococcal disease can develop rapidly and kill within hours.
Those who survive often have serious long-term effects, including amputation of limbs, hearing loss, seizures, brain injury and permanent skin scarring.
The disease affects all ages but those 13 to 25 are particularly vulnerable.
Māori and Pasifika communities are also at high risk of catching the disease and not receiving timely treatment.
Māori and Pasifika are five times more likely to contract meningitis than other ethnic groups.
Globally, meningitis kills one in 10 people and causes lifelong disability in one in five who survive it.
Forty-four cases of meningococcal disease have been reported in New Zealand this year. Over 50 percent of cases were Māori (39 percent) or Pacific peoples (14 percent), while 32 percent were aged between 15 and 24
In the last five years, 20 people have died from the vaccine-preventable meningococcal disease.
On March 1, the meningococcal B vaccine became free for all babies aged 12 months and under.
It is administered as part of the National Immunisation Schedule alongside other infant immunisations.
A free catch-up programme is available until August 31, 2025, for all other tamariki aged under five.